WEEK EIGHT
SUBJECT: BASIC SCIENCE
CLASS: GRADE 7
TERM: SECOND
TOPIC: DISEASE
PREVENTION AND STI/STDS
IMMUNIZATION:
Is a process by which a person becomes protected against a disease through
vaccination. This term is often used interchangeably with vaccination or
inoculation.
IDENTIFICATION OF
IMMUNIZATION CENTRES: Immunization centres can be located
on the federal government website commonly abbreviated as vaccination.gov.ng.
For Rivers State in Obio / Akpor local government Area we have Woji Model
Health Centre.
IMMUNIZABLE DISEASES:
i.
Polio ii. Tetanus iii. Flu (Influenza) iv. Hepatitis B v. Hepatitis A vi
Rubella vii. Hib viii. Measles ix. Whooping Cough (Pertussis) x. Pneumococcal
Disease xi. Rotavirus xii. Mumps xiii. Chickenpox xiv. Diphtheria
SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS / DISEASE: Sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs), or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are
infections that are spread primarily through person to person sexual contact.
The contact is usually vaginal, oral, or anal sex. But sometimes they can
spread through other intimate physical contact. This is because some STDs, like
herpes and HPV, are spread by skin-to-skin contact. There are more than 30 different
sexually transmissible bacteria, viruses and parasites. The most common conditions
they cause are gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, syphilis, trichomoniasis,
chancroid, trichomonas vaginalis (TV), genital herps, genital warts, hepatitis
B infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
i. Gonorrhea: This is an STI which is easily passed on during sex.
If left untreated it leads to infertility.
ii. Chlamydia: This is one of the most common STIs. It is easily
passed on during sex. Most people do not experience any symptoms, so are
unaware they are infected.
iii. Genital warts: These
are small flesh growths, bumps or skin changes that appear on or around the
genital or anal area. They are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV).
iv. Genital Herps: Genital
herps is a common infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) which is
the same virus that causes cold sores.
v. Syphilis: Syphilis
is a bacterial infection. In the early stages it causes a painless but highly
infectious sore on the genitals or round the mouth.
vi. Trichomonas
Vaginalis: This is an STI caused by a tiny
parasite. It can be easily passed on through sex and most people are unaware
they are infected.
vii. HIV: This
is most commonly passed on through unprotected sex. It can also be transmitted
by coming in contact with an infected blood. For example, using sharp needles
to inject steroids or drugs. The HIV virus attacks, weakens the immune system,
making it less able to fight infections and diseases. There is no cure for HIV,
but there are treatments that allow most people to live a long and otherwise
healthy life.
viii. AIDS: This is the
final stage of an HIV infection, when the body can no longer fight
life-threatening infections. Death is usually very close- by at this stage.
CAUSES OF STDs/ STIs
i. Having many sex partners.
ii.
Living a wayward life.
iii.
Getting involved in premarital sex.
iv.
Having sexual intercourse with infected persons.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES:
i.
Abstinence from any type of sexual contact.
ii.
Avoid contact with open sores and bodily fluid of an infected person.
iii.
Use condoms during sexual intercourse.
iv.
Refrain from sex with multiple partners.
v.
See the doctor at the slightest discomfort.
ASSIGNMENT
1.
What is immunization?
2.
Explain how to locate an immunization centre.
3.
List three immunizable diseases.
4.
Explain sexually transmitted diseases, state three causes and three modes of
prevention.
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