Acids and Bases

Lesson Title

Acids and Bases

Objectives

- To understand the meaning of acids and bases.

- To identify the physical properties of acids and bases.

- To recognize the types and uses of acids and bases.

Meaning and Types

Meaning of Acids and Bases

- Acids: Substances that donate H+ ions in solution, taste sour, and turn litmus paper red. Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

- Bases: Substances that accept H+ ions in solution, feel slippery, and turn litmus paper blue. Examples include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).

Physical Properties

- Acids:

    - Taste sour

    - Corrode metals

    - Turn litmus paper red

- Bases:

    - Feel slippery

    - Taste bitter

    - Turn litmus paper blue

Types of Acids and Bases

- Strong Acids: Completely ionize in water, e.g., HCl and H2SO4.

- Weak Acids: Partially ionize in water, e.g., acetic acid (CH3COOH) and citric acid (C6H8O7).

- Strong Bases: Completely ionize in water, e.g., NaOH and KOH.

- Weak Bases: Partially ionize in water, e.g., ammonia (NH3) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

Uses of Acids and Bases

- Acids:

    - Industrial applications (e.g., manufacturing, cleaning)

    - Food preservation (e.g., pickling)

    - Medicinal uses (e.g., antacids)

- Bases:

    - Industrial applications (e.g., soap-making, paper production)

    - Household cleaning

    - Medicinal uses (e.g., antacids, laxatives)

Conclusion

Acids and bases are essential substances with various applications in industries, households, and medicine. Understanding their properties and uses is crucial for safe handling and utilization.

Assessment

- Define acids and bases.

- Identify the physical properties of acids and bases.

- Classify acids and bases into strong and weak categories.

- Discuss the uses of acids and bases in different contexts.