Propagation of Crops I (Lesson note)

📘 DETAILED LESSON NOTE

Subject: Agricultural Science
Class: J.S.S.2
Topic: Propagation of Crops
Sub-topic: Sexual Propagation
Duration: 40 minutes
Term: Third
Week: One
Date: 15/09/2025
Teacher: (To be inserted by the teacher)

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✅ GENERAL OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson, students should understand the concept, process, and significance of sexual propagation in crops.

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✅ SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

S/N	Objective	Learning Domain	Level
1	Define sexual propagation	Cognitive	Lower (Knowledge)
2	Describe the process of sexual propagation	Cognitive	Middle (Comprehension)
3	Differentiate between crops propagated sexually and asexually	Cognitive	Upper (Analysis)

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🧾 INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

• Real or sample seeds (e.g., maize, beans, tomato)
• Flashcards with pictures/names of crops
• Charts showing plant life cycle
• Whiteboard and marker or chalkboard and chalk
• Handouts with classification activity (optional)

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📚 CONTENT DEVELOPMENT

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🥇 I. Definition of Sexual Propagation

Sexual propagation is the method of growing new plants from seeds.
These seeds are produced through the process of sexual reproduction, which involves the fusion of male and female gametes (pollen and ovule).

This method is the most common and natural way of plant propagation.

✅ Examples of Sexually Propagated Crops:

• Maize
• Beans
• Tomato
• Rice
• Groundnut
• Cotton

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🥈 II. Process of Sexual Propagation

The steps involved in sexual propagation include:

1. Pollination – Transfer of pollen from male to female part of the flower.
2. Fertilization – Fusion of male and female gametes to form a seed.
3. Seed formation – The ovary develops into fruit, and ovules into seeds.
4. Planting the seed – Seeds are sown into the soil.
5. Germination – The seed sprouts and begins to grow.
6. Growth into mature plant – The plant develops leaves, stems, flowers, and produces fruit.

✅ Conditions for Successful Germination:

• Moisture
• Suitable temperature
• Oxygen
• Good soil

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🥉 III. Differences Between Sexual and Asexual Propagation

Sexual Propagation	Asexual Propagation
Involves seeds	Involves vegetative parts (stem, leaf, root)
Requires pollination and fertilization	No pollination needed
Slower process	Faster growth
Examples: maize, rice, tomato	Examples: cassava, yam, banana

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👨‍🏫 TEACHER'S ACTIVITIES

• Define and explain sexual propagation.
• Show real seeds and ask students to identify them.
• Display chart of plant life cycle.
• Compare sexual and asexual propagation using a table.
• Organize a classification group activity using flashcards.

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👧👦 STUDENTS' ACTIVITIES

• Listen attentively and take notes.
• Observe and touch real seeds.
• Participate in discussions and respond to questions.
• Engage in group classification task (sexual vs. asexual crops).
• Ask questions for clarification.

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📝 EVALUATION

Ask students the following questions:

1. What is sexual propagation?
2. Mention two examples of sexually propagated crops.
3. What happens during germination?
4. State two differences between sexual and asexual propagation.
5. Which part of the plant is used in sexual propagation?

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📌 ASSIGNMENT

1. List five crops that are propagated sexually.
2. Draw and label the life cycle of a plant from seed to fruit.

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✅ SUMMARY / CONCLUSION

• Sexual propagation is the process of growing crops from seeds.
• It involves pollination, fertilization, and germination.
• Many common food crops like maize and beans are grown this way.
• It is different from asexual propagation, which uses parts like stems and roots.

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✍️ REMARKS

Students [were/] actively engaged in the lesson. More time may be needed for hands-on seed planting in future lessons.

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Here are 9 objective questions (MCQs) from your lesson note on Sexual Propagation:

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📘 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Sexual propagation in plants means growing new plants from __________.
A. Leaves
B. Roots
C. Stems
D. Seeds

2. Which of the following crops is propagated sexually?
A. Cassava
B. Yam
C. Maize
D. Banana

3. The transfer of pollen from the male part of the flower to the female part is called __________.
A. Fertilization
B. Germination
C. Pollination
D. Propagation

4. The fusion of male and female gametes in plants is known as __________.
A. Pollination
B. Fertilization
C. Transpiration
D. Photosynthesis

5. Which of the following is NOT needed for germination?
A. Moisture
B. Oxygen
C. Suitable temperature
D. Sunlight

6. Which of the following is an example of a sexually propagated crop?
A. Tomato
B. Cassava
C. Yam
D. Banana

7. In sexual propagation, the ovary of the flower develops into __________.
A. Root
B. Fruit
C. Leaf
D. Stem

8. Which of these is a difference between sexual and asexual propagation?
A. Both require seeds
B. Both involve vegetative parts
C. Sexual uses seeds, asexual uses vegetative parts
D. Sexual is faster than asexual

9. Which part of the plant is directly involved in sexual propagation?
A. Stem
B. Seed
C. Leaf
D. Root

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ANSWERS

1. D
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. B