Subject: Basic Science
Class: JSS 2 (Grade 8)
Theme: Living and Non-Living Things
Topic: Living Things
Sub-topic: Division of Living Things, Human Uniqueness, and Human
Intelligence
Period: 3 and 5on Monday, Wednesday and Friday
Duration: 40 Minutes
Date: To be inserted by teacher
Teacher’s Name: To be inserted by the teacher
Performance
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to:
- List the five kingdoms into which living things are
classified. (Cognitive Domain –
Knowledge / Lower Order)
- Describe at least three characteristics that make
humans unique among other living things.
(Cognitive Domain – Comprehension / Middle Order)
- Explain two practical ways humans use intelligence to
solve problems. (Cognitive Domain –
Application / Higher Order)
- Analyze how human intelligence (e.g. reasoning,
problem-solving, inquisitiveness, observation) contributes to scientific
discoveries. (Cognitive Domain –
Analysis & Synthesis / Higher Order)
Instructional
Materials
- Flashcards showing different organisms
- Classification chart (Five kingdoms)
- Short video/storyboard of humans solving real-life
problems
- Objects for observation (e.g., leaves, stones, plastic
toys, insects)
- Whiteboard and marker
Reference
Materials
- NERDC Basic Science and Technology Textbook for JSS 2
- Teacher’s Guide
- Other reputable Basic Science textbooks
Previous
Knowledge
Students can distinguish between
living and non-living things and have seen various plants, animals, and
microorganisms.
Entry
Behavior
Students are aware that there are
different types of living things and that humans can think and create things.
Lesson
Development
✳️ STEP 1: Introduction (5 Minutes)
Teacher’s Activities:
- Greet the students cheerfully.
- Ask leading questions:
- “What is the difference between a goat and a chair?”
- “Is a mango tree the same as a mushroom?”
- Connect to the topic:
- “Today, we’ll be learning how living things are
grouped, what makes human beings special, and how we use our brains to
solve problems.”
Students’ Activities:
- Respond to questions
- Show interest in the topic
Teaching Method: Question and answer
Learning Domain: Affective (Interest, Motivation)
✅
Objective 1: List the five kingdoms into which living things are classified
Time Allocation: 5 Minutes
Domain: Cognitive – Knowledge (Lower Order)
Instructional
Content
- Living things are classified into five kingdoms:
- Monera
– e.g., bacteria
- Protista
– e.g., amoeba, algae
- Fungi
– e.g., mushrooms, mould
- Plantae
– all green plants
- Animalia
– all animals, including humans
- Classification helps scientists study and understand
organisms better.
Teacher’s
Activities
- Display and explain a classification chart
- Use flashcards to show examples of organisms in each
kingdom
- Write the kingdoms on the board and lead pronunciation
with students
Students’
Activities
- Copy the kingdoms into their notebooks
- Repeat the names of the kingdoms aloud
- Identify organisms on flashcards and say their kingdoms
Evaluation
Questions
- List the five kingdoms of living things.
- Give one example of an organism in the Fungi kingdom.
✅
Objective 2: Describe at least three characteristics that make humans unique
among other living things
Time Allocation: 5 Minutes
Domain: Cognitive – Comprehension (Middle Order)
Instructional
Content
Humans are unique among
living things due to the following characteristics:
- Advanced reasoning ability – We can think deeply and plan ahead.
- Language and communication – We use complex spoken and written language.
- Ability to invent and create – We make tools, technology, and build cities.
- Moral and emotional intelligence – We show empathy, culture, and make laws.
Teacher’s
Activities
- Ask: “Can animals build airplanes or write books?”
- Discuss each unique feature of humans with simple
examples:
- Planning an event
- Writing an essay
- Using a mobile phone
Students’
Activities
- Participate in discussions
- Write down 3 characteristics of human uniqueness
- Give examples of what only humans can do
Evaluation
Questions
- Mention two things that make humans different from
animals.
- Why is the ability to use language important?
✅
Objective 3: Explain two practical ways humans use intelligence to solve
problems
Time Allocation: 7 Minutes
Domain: Cognitive – Application (Higher Order)
Instructional
Content
Human intelligence allows us to solve
real-life problems such as:
- Transportation Problems → Solution: Inventing cars, bicycles, aeroplanes
- Water Shortage
→ Solution: Digging boreholes, creating water purifiers
- Communication
→ Solution: Creating phones, internet
- Electricity problems
→ Solution: Using solar panels, generators
Teacher’s
Activities
- Tell a story: “In a village with no light, students
couldn’t read at night until someone installed solar panels.”
- Ask: “What was the problem? What was the solution?”
- Guide students to share their own examples
Students’
Activities
- Share how they’ve solved problems using their
intelligence
- Write down two practical examples
- Participate actively in group discussion
Evaluation
Questions
- How can intelligence help us solve environmental
problems?
- Give two ways you’ve used intelligence to solve a
problem.
✅
Objective 4: Analyze how human intelligence contributes to scientific
discoveries
Time Allocation: 8 Minutes
Domain: Cognitive – Analysis & Synthesis (Higher Order)
Instructional
Content
Human intelligence includes:
- Reasoning
– logical thinking
- Problem Solving
– creating solutions
- Inquisitiveness
– asking why, how, what
- Observation
– watching details carefully
These are key to scientific
discoveries, e.g.:
- Discovery of gravity (by observation)
- Development of vaccines (by problem-solving)
- Invention of computers (by reasoning and creativity)
Teacher’s
Activities
- Define the terms clearly
- Display 4 different objects (leaf, stone, insect,
pencil)
- Ask students to observe, ask questions,
and analyse:
- “Which of these is living?”
- “What do you notice?”
Students’
Activities
- Observe the materials carefully
- Ask questions
- Share what they discover
- Discuss how these skills help scientists
Evaluation
Questions
- What is observation, and how is it used in science?
- How does inquisitiveness lead to scientific innovation?
🔚
STEP 3: Evaluation (5 Minutes)
Teacher’s Activities:
- Ask questions based on the four objectives
|
Question |
Objective |
|
What are the five kingdoms of
living things? |
1 |
|
List two things that make humans unique. |
2 |
|
State one way you have used
intelligence to solve a real-life problem. |
3 |
|
Explain why observation is
important in science. |
4 |
Students’ Activities:
- Respond orally or write in their notebooks
🔚
STEP 4: Conclusion (2–3 Minutes)
Teacher’s Activities:
- Summarize the lesson:
- Living things are classified into five kingdoms
- Humans are unique because of reasoning and creativity
- Intelligence helps us solve problems and make
discoveries
- Skills like observation and inquisitiveness are
essential in science
- Encourage students to use their intelligence positively
Students’ Activities:
- Say what they learned
- Ask final questions
📚
Assignment
Instruction:
List five examples of how humans have used intelligence to solve problems in
science or technology. Use full sentences. Submit in the next class.
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