PROPOSED LESSON NOTE FOR THE SECOND WEEK ENDING 13th SEPTEMBER, 2022/2023 ACADEMIC SESSION
SUBJECT: BASIC SCIENCE
CLASS: GRADE 7
NUMBER OF STUDENTS: 21
AVERAGE AGE: 11+ YEARS
PERIOD(S): 2nd
AND 5th PERIOD ON MONDAY AND FRIDAY RESPECTIVELY
GENDER: MIXED
TERM: FIRST TERM
DURATION: 40 MINUTES
DATE: 12/09/2022
TOPIC: LIVING AND
NON-LIVING THINGS
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: By
the end of the lesson the students should be able to;
i.
state the meaning of living things;
ii.
identify and classify matter;
iii.
explain the various state of matter;
iv.
differentiate between mixture and compounds.
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR: Students
are familiar with farms, animals and plants.
INSTRUCTIONAL
METHODS/TECHNIC: Questions, simulation, quiz.
INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIALS: Textbook, lesson note, laptop, projector,
marker, whiteboard, Pictures showing plants and animals.
INTRODUCTION: Questions posed
to the students include:
Question 1: What
are natural things? list examples of natural things.
Expected Answers: This
are things given to us by nature, examples
animals, plants, rocks, clouds, sun, moon and stars.
Question 2: What
are manmade things? List examples of manmade things.
Expected Answers: This
are things made by human beings. Examples cars, buildings, road and bridges.
Question 3: Those things that have
life are called?
Expected Answers: Living
things.
STEP I: MEANING OF
LIVING THINGS
Living
things are those things that have life.
Question 4: List
examples of living things.
Expected Answers: Humans,
animals and plants.
Question 5: What
are non-living things? List examples of non-living things.
Expected Answers: Non-living
things are those things that do not have life, examples rocks, cars, buildings
etc.
STEP II: IDENTIFICATION
AND CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
IDENTIFICATION OF
MATTER
Matter
is anything that has mass and occupies space. It can be living or non-living.
It is made of different materials which varied in sizes, shape, color and
composition. Examples - glass, pen, desk, chair, bottle, utensils, books, air
food, water, clothes, plants and animals.
Mass:
The mass of a body is the quantity of matter in a body.
Space:
Space is the empty vacuum occupy by a body.
Molecule: A molecule is
the smallest unit of a substance that has all the properties of that substance.
The smallest particle of matter which can exist independently is called a
molecule. Matter is made of extremely small particles which are not visible to
unaided eyes, this particle are called molecule. A molecule can further be
broken down into smaller units called atoms.
Atoms: Atoms are the
smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction. They
are the building blocks of matter. Atoms composed of electron, proton and
neutron. Proton and neutron are found in the nucleus of the atom. The sum of
the proton and neutron is called mass number.
Element: An
element is a substance which cannot be split into simpler units by an ordinary
chemical process. Element are arrange on a table called periodic table in a
vertical form called group and in horizontal form called period. Element in the
same group have the same number of outermost electrons.
CLASSIFICATION OF
MATTER
Matter
has various similarities and dissimilarities. Due to such variations, it is
very hard to study matter around us individually.
Matter is generally classified into three states-solid,
liquid and gas. These three states are called states of matter.
STEP III: STATES OF
MATTER
Matter
exists in three states. These are: (1) Solid (2) Liquid (3) Gas
(1) Solid:
In solids, the molecules are very close to each other. They attract each other
with great force. A solid is hard, rigid and has a definite shape and volume. Examples-rock,
pencil, pen, book, chair. So solid have (i) Fixed Shape (ii) Fixed volume.
(2) Liquid:
In liquids, the molecules are less closely packed. The attraction between the
molecules in liquids is less as compared to that in solids. Molecules can move
around freely. That is why liquids can easily flow. Examples-milk, water and
ink. Liquid do not have fixed shape, it takes the shape of the container, in
which it is poured. No matter what shape a particular amount of liquid may
take, its volume remains the same. A liquid have a definite volume, but no
definite shape. Thus, liquids (i) have no fixed shape, (ii) have fixed volume
(iii) can flow
(3) Gas:
In gases, the molecules are separated by large empty spaces. They have a lot of
freedom to move about. The molecules in a gas move faster than the molecules in
a solid or liquid. That is why a gas has no definite shape or volume.
The
molecules in a gas are very loosely packed and gases can flow easily.
Thus
gases (i) have no fixed shape, (ii) have no fixed volume (iii) fill the space
of the vessel (iv) flow more easily than liquids.
STEP IV: DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN MIXTURE AND COMPOUNDS
MIXTURE
A
Mixture contains two or more constituents which can easily be separated by
physical methods. Mixtures can be elements or compounds. Examples-air, soil,
urine, palm wine, coca - cola, milk, sea-water, blood, crude oil, brass.
Mixtures can be separated by sieving, magnetic separation, sublimation,
filtration, centrifugation, floatation, evaporation to dryness,
crystallization, fractional crystallization, precipitation, distillation,
fractional distillation, separating funnel, chromatography.
COMPOUND
A
compound is a substance which contains two or more elements chemically combined
together. Examples - water, sand, limestone, common salt, sugar, ethanol, washing
soda, hard soap, caustic soda.
SUMMARY:
(a)
Living things are those things that have life.
(b)
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
(c)
Matter exists in three states. These are: (1) Solid (2) Liquid (3) Gas
(d)
A Mixture contains two or more constituents which can easily be separated by
physical methods while a compound is a substance which contains two or more
elements chemically combined together.
EVALUATION:
i.
state the meaning of living things;
ii.
identify and classify matter;
iii.
explain the various state of matter;
iv.
differentiate between mixture and compounds.
ASSIGNMENT:
1. What is matter?
2.
Differentiate between solid, liquid and gas in a table.
3.
Differentiate between mixture and compound with three examples each.
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