MEANING, IMPORTANCE AND TYPES OF AGRICULTURE LESSON NOTE

PROPOSED LESSON PLAN/NOTE FOR THE FIRST WEEK ENDING 13^th SEPTEMBER, 2022/2023 ACADEMIC SESSION

SUBJECT: AGRIC SCIENCE

TOPIC: MEANING, IMPORTANCE AND TYPES OF

AGRICULTURE

CLASS: GRADE 7  (JSS1)

NUMBER OF STUDENTS: 31

AVERAGE AGE: 11+ YEARS

GENDER: MIXED

PERIOD: 3^RD&4^TH PERIOD ON MONDAY AND WEDNESDAY RESPECTIVELY

TERM: FIRST TERM

DURATION: 40 MINUTES

DATE: 12/09/2022

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson the students should be able to;

i. discuss the origin of agriculture;

ii. state the meaning of agriculture;

iii. explain types of agriculture.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR: Students are familiar with farms, animals and plants.

INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS/TECHNIC: Questions, simulation, visual.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Textbook, lesson note, laptop, projector, marker, whiteboard, Pictures showing a farm, plant and animals.

INTRODUCTION: Questions posed to the students include:

Question 1. Have you seen a farm before?

Expected Answers: Yes

Question 2: What and what do you expect to see in a farm?

Expected Answers Plants, animals, weed, trees

DEVELOPMENT:

STEP I: ORIGIN OF AGRICULTURE

Many years ago, man moved from place to place. He did not live in any particular house, village or town as he does today. This was during the stones age. During that period, man caught animals for food from the forests and fishes from the rivers, lakes and seas. He also collected fruits such pawpaw and banana from the bush around him. He ate them and lived mainly on these items. Man was then a collector of fruits and nuts and a hunter.

As time went on, man settled down. He then started to tame (put under control) some of the animals that he used to hunt around him. He did this by catching and keeping them alive near to where he lived. He also began to prepare the land and plant some of the fruit trees that he used to collect from the bush. It was the beginning of agriculture as a work for man.

You will realize that almost everybody, including our forefathers were farmers.  Agriculture was then the work of most people.  

Question 3: Discuss how man lived long ago before he became a farmer.

Expected answers: During the stones age man was a wanderer and gatherer of fruits and tending of animals.

Question 4: Mention some plant and animals collected by man during the stones age.

Expected answers: Pawpaw, banana, fishes, etc 

Teacher: Man also collected fruits such as oranges, pineapples, guava, water melon, at first he chose took care of those animals and plants which looked better to him, before he later noticed that appearances can be deceptive.

Watch animated short video of the origin of agriculture 

 STEP II: MEANING OF AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is the cultivation of crops and rearing of animals for man consumption. Agriculture is the science or practice of farming. The term Agriculture was derived from two latin words which are: “Ager” meaning “field” and “Cultus” meaning “cultivation” Literally, agriculture means “Field Cultivation”. The people who engage in agriculture are called agriculturalists.

Question 5: Why do you think agriculture is the practice of farming?

Expected answers: Because it involves cultivation of crops and rearing of animals for man consumption

Watch animated short video of the etymology of agriculture 

STEP III: TYPES OF AGRICULTURE

(i) Subsistence Agriculture: In this type, the farmer produces the quantity that is just enough for family use and none for sale in the open market. This is regarded as the most primitive type of farming.

(ii) Semi-Subsistence Agriculture: In this type, the farmer produces what is enough for the family and the excess is sold in the market for income. In the Subsistence and semi-subsistence agriculture, farm labor is generated by farmer’s households, traditional tools are used and many crops are planted in the same piece of land at a time and this may be a small piece of farm land.

(iii) Commercial Agriculture: Commercial Agriculture requires the production of food in very large quantities. Most times people in this type of Agriculture produce solely for the local and international markets. In commercial Agriculture, large spaces, huge labor and capital investments, mechanized operations, special marketing strategies and modern farming equipment are used. Examples of commercial farms include Songhai Farms, Obasanjo Farms, Ada palm plantation in Imo State etc.

Watch animated short video of types of agriculture 

STEPIV: Use of Teaching Aids

A picture showing the different types of agriculture is shown to the students and explanation made on them.

EVALUATION: Oral-questioning and answers

i. discuss the origin of agriculture;

ii. state the meaning of agriculture;

iii. explain types of agriculture.

SUMMARY:

(a) Agriculture evolves when men wander from place to place in search of fruits and animals for meat.

(b) Agriculture is the cultivation of crops and rearing of animals for man consumption. Agriculture is the science or practice of farming.

(c) Types of agriculture include subsistence, semi-subsistence and commercial agriculture.

ASSIGNMENT:

1. Discuss how man lived long ago before he became a farmer.

2. Explain the meaning of agriculture.

3. Identify the three different types of agriculture.