PROPOSED LESSON
PLAN/NOTE FOR THE NINEHT WEEK ENDING 11th NOVEMBER, 2022
2022/2023 ACADEMIC
SESSION
SUBJECT: BASIC SCIENCE
TOPIC: FAMILY HEALTH
SUBTOPIC: NUTRITION
CLASS: GRADE 7
NUMBER OF STUDENTS: 25
AVERAGE AGE: 11+ YEARS
GENDER: MIXED
PERIOD: 7th
AND 8th PERIOD ON TUESDAY AND FRIDAY RESPECTIVELY
TIME: 1:20-2:00
DURATION: 40 MINUTES
PER PERIOD
DATE: 07/11/2022
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: By
the end of the lesson the students should be able to;
1.
identify food types.
2.
group food into classes based on nutrient content.
3.
explain the meaning of adequate diet.
4.
plan an adequate diet for a home.
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR:
The students are familiar with their breakfast, lunch and dinner.
INSTRUCTIONAL
TECHNIQUE: Visual, questions, simulation.
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
Raw
foodstuff samples, charts, posters.
DEVELOPMENT:
STEP1: TYPES OF FOOD
All
living things need food.
1.
Food helps us to grow and to stay alive.
2.
Food gives us energy to work and keeps us fit and healthy.
3.
Food helps us to repair the worn out cells.
Food contains nutrients that are essential
to human growth and function. There are six classes of nutrients:
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and
water.
All these six have certain functions that target a different body part. They
improve the state of our overall health.
Food
may be of two types depending on whether it is eaten raw or cooked. We eat raw
as well as cooked food. All these are called foodstuffs. Examples of the foodstuffs
eaten raw are banana, carrot, mango and lettuce. Foodstuffs like potato, fish,
meat and rice are eaten cooked. When these foodstuffs either cooked or raw
(like fruits and salads) are eaten together it is called a meal.
STEP 2: CLASSES OF FOOD
Foods are classified into different classes
based on nutrients present in them. Nutrients can be classified as
macronutrients and micronutrients. These classes of food are carbohydrates, fats,
proteins, vitamins, minerals and water.
Carbohydrates,
proteins and fats are called macronutrients because they are needed in large
amounts. We get most of our energy for basic functioning and physical
activities from foods that contain carbohydrates, fats or proteins.
Carbohydrates are the primary source of fuel for our bodies, especially our
brain and during physical activity. On the other the hand, fat is an important
energy source when our bodies are at rest and during low-intensity exercises.
Vitamins and minerals are classified as micronutrients because they are
required in comparatively less amounts.
1.
Carbohydrates give us energy to work. People who do more physical work needed
more carbohydrates.
2.
Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
3.
Sugar and starch are examples of carbohydrates. Glucose is the simplest sugar
which gives us energy. Other more complex sugars are broken down into glucose
to give energy.
4.
Rice, wheat, garri, maize, yam, millet and potato are the good sources of
carbohydrates.
5.
Fats give us more energy than starch. Fats are composed of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen.. Animal fat, nuts, palm oil and butter contain fat. Fats help to keep
our body warm. Extra fat is stored in the body for future use. However, we must
not have too much fat. Fats are solid at room temperature while oils are liquid
at room temperature.
Foods
that are rich in carbohydrates and fats are called energy-giving foods.
1.
Proteins help us to grow. This is why children need more protein.
2.
Protein supports the growth, repair and maintenance of tissues.
3.
Eggs, fish, meat, cheese, peas and pulses contain proteins. Foods that are rich
in proteins are called body-building foods.
4.
Vitamins are essential nutrients because they build and maintain healthy bones
and muscle tissue.
a.
They also support our immune system, maintain the health of our blood, and
ensure healthy vision.
b.
Vitamins are micro-nutrients, because they are required in small amounts to
sustain our normal health and body functions.
c.
Some examples of common vitamins are: Vitamin A, B, C, D and K. Fruits,
vegetables, milk and Sunlight are some common sources of vitamins.
d.
Minerals assist in the regulation of many body functions, some of which involve
regulating fluids and producing energy and health of our bones, teeth and
blood.
e.
Minerals also help get rid of harmful byproducts of metabolism. Some examples
of well-known minerals are calcium, potassium, sodium, 1odine and iron.
f.
We get minerals from fresh fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, liver and milk. Foods
rich in vitamins and minerals keep us fit and healthy. So they are called
protective foods.
5.
Water is one of the most important nutrients for our body. The appropriate
intake of water maintains the balance of fluids inside and outside our cells.
Water also assists in the regulation of nerve impulses, the excretion of waste
products, muscle contractions and nutrient transport. We consume water in solid
forms such as fruits and vegetables as well as in liquid form such as juice and
soup. Drinking 2-3 litres of water daily ensures that all the above body
functions are all carried out properly. Roughage is the fibres present in our
food. It is necessary for the proper functioning of the digestive system. It
adds bulk to the food. Examples of roughage are raw vegetables, whole grains
and fruits.
STEP 3: BALANCED
DIET(ADEQUATE DIET)
A
balanced diet is one that should contain all the food nutrients in sufficient
quantity which will vary depending on the age, sex, body size and the level of
activity
of the individual. It is also called balanced diet. An adequate diet helps us
to maintain or improve general health. A healthy diet involves
1.
Balanced amount of macronutrients (fats, proteins and carbohydrates).
2.
Calories to support energy needs.
3.
Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) to meet the needs for human nutrition.
Childhood malnutrition is a common problem
that contributes to the global burden of diseases. Malnutrition is a condition
when your body does not get enough nutrients. The general symptoms of
malnutrition includes fatigue, dizziness, and weight loss. The damage caused
due to malnutrition is sometimes permanent. Over-nutrition results in
overweight or obesity. Consumption of too much fats is one of the major causes
of obesity. Thus, adequate or balanced diet is necessary to maintain a good
health of our body.
STEP4: PLANNING A
BALANCED DIET
As
no single food provides all the calories and nutrients we need to stay healthy,
it is important to eat a variety of foods to have a balanced diet. A balanced
diet means eating plenty of different foods from four main groups of foods.
Ultimately, it is as simple as eating more fruit, vegetables, fiber-rich foods
and fresh products, and fewer fatty, sugary, salty and processed foods. The
various foodstuffs that can be included to make an adequate diet are
1.
Bread, cereals and potatoes
2.
Fruit and vegetables
3.
Milk and dairy foods
4.
Meat, fish and alternatives
5.
Fatty and sugary foods
6.
Plenty of water
EVALUATION: Oral
questions
1.
Identify food types.
2.
Group food into classes based on nutrient content.
3.
Explain the meaning of adequate diet.
4.
Plan an adequate diet for a home.
SUMMARY/CONCLUSSION:
i.
Food helps us to grow, stay alive, gives us energy and keeps us healthy and
fit.
ii.
Carbohydrates and fats are called energy-giving foods as they give us energy
and keep us warm.
iii.
Proteins are called body-building foods and help us to grow.
iv.
Minerals and vitamins are called protective foods as they keep us fit and
healthy.
ASSIGNMENTS:
1.
What are the different classes of food? Write one function of each class.
2.
Water is extremely important for our survival. Give reason.
3.
If we do not take high fibre food such as salads, we suffer from constipation.
Why?
4.
Write 5 examples of each type of food.
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