FAMILY HEALTH (SANITATION) LESSON NOTE

PROPOSED LESSON PLAN/NOTE FOR THE EIGTH WEEK ENDING 4^th NOVEMBER, 2022

2022/2023 ACADEMIC SESSION

SUBJECT: BASIC SCIENCE

TOPIC: FAMILY HEALTH

SUBTOPIC: SANITATION

CLASS: GRADE 7

NUMBER OF STUDENTS: 22

AVERAGE AGE: 11+ YEARS

GENDER: MIXED

PERIOD: 7^th AND 8^th PERIOD ON TUESDAY AND FRIDAY RESPECTIVELY

TIME: 1:20-2:00

DURATION: 40 MINUTES

DATE: 31/10/2022

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson the students should be able to;

i. define sanitation.

ii. describe the methods of keeping their bodies clean.

iii. describe the methods of keeping their homes and school clean.

iv. state the importance of sanitation.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: The students are familiar with their broom, packer and rake materials used in cleaning.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Toiletries, cleaning agents, sanitation equipment like rakes, shovels, brooms, charts, posters.

INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS/TECHNIC: Questions, simulation, visual.

INTRODUCTION: Question pose to the students includes

Question 1: mention some pieces of equipment used in sanitation.

STEP 1: DEFINITION OF SANITATION

  Sanitation is the formulation and application of measures designed to protect the public health and disposal of sewage. The World Health Organization states that "Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and feces”. Sanitation involves the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact with the hazards as well as the treatment and proper disposal of sewage wastewater.

PERSONAL CLEANLINESS:

Hygiene means practices that prevent the spread of disease causing organisms.

The term "hygiene" is derived from Hygeia, the Greek Goddess of Health, Cleanliness and Sanitation. Hygiene can be personal hygiene, domestic hygiene and occupational hygiene and is frequently used in connection with public health. Personal Hygiene is a term that is concerned with the daily maintenance of cleanliness by practicing good sanitary habits.

STEP2: METHODS OF PERSONAL CLEANLINESS

(A) Care of the Eyes

1. A regular wash with cold, clean water after every 3-4 hours relaxes and cleans the eyes.

2. We must avoid rubbing our eyes with dirty hands and dirty towel.

3. Watching television for long periods can harm your eyes.

(B) Care of the Nose

1. We must clean our nose everyday while bathing.

2. Putting our fingers into our nose may cause harm in the inner part of the nose.

3. Germs from our fingers can also affect our nose.

4. If we do not wash our hands after pricking our nose then, it may lead to other infections like diarrhoea. 

(c) Care of the ears

1. Daily washing with soap and water is enough to keep the earlobe clean.

2. Do not reach farther than you can with your little finger into your ear. Putting in pencil, safety pins, broom stick or blunt edged things for cleaning purposes might harm the ear.

3. If you feel wax has accumulated and is plugging your ears and interfering with hearing, consult your doctor.

(D) Oral Hygiene: Care of the Tongue and Teeth

1. It is good to brush our teeth twice a day, once in the morning and once at night before going to bed.

2. Avoid eating too many sweets as they cause tooth decay.

3. Proper oral hygiene is crucial in reducing and preventing problems of the mouth and gums like plaque, cavities, gingivitis, tartar and bad breath.

 (D) Care of Skin

1. Having a bath everyday helps to remove dirt sweat, dead skin and germs from our skin.

2. We should attend to any cuts and bruises on our skin immediately.

3. We must not share our clothes, toothbrush, towel or comb with others.

4. Regular bathing reduces body odour and can help control skin problems like acne. It reduces the body odour, particularly in the armpits and in between the toes.

5. Regular bathing with soap once or twice a day clear the small openings in the skin called sweats pores, through which sweat is secreted from the body.

(E) Hand Washing

1. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before and after every meal and every time after visiting toilet.

2. Soaping and rinsing should cover the areas between fingers, nails and back of the hand

3. Hands should be dried with a clean towel after wash.

4. The towel at the wash stand has to be washed and changed every day.

5. While cooking, especially when packing lunch, the food spoilage and contamination can be prevented by keeping hands clean.

6. While handling food, touching the ears, nose, mouth or other body parts should be avoided.

7. Hands should be washed after touching or washing the vegetables, fruits and meat.

8. Nails should be kept short.

9. Nail polish users should see that it does not chip off into the food.

METHODS OF KEEPING THE HOMES AND SCHOOL COMPOUNDS CLEAN:

(A) Cleanliness of Home

1. A lot of germs hide in toilet facilities, can cause many dangerous diseases. So, toilets should be cleaned with some chemicals or toilet cleaner.

2. Sweeping, mopping, hoovering by vacuum cleaner, scrubbing the floor, etc. are some methods to keep the home clean.

3. The home should be dusted regularly. All the furniture whether it is made up of wood or metal should be dusted with soft clothe every day. The wall or ceiling can be cleaned with a long broom or a brush.

4. Window frames should be cleaned with cloth. Window glass can also be cleaned with moist newspaper or moist cloth.

5. Window blinds or curtains and cushion covers should be washed regularly after a short period.

6. The dishes should be washed and kept out of the sink.

7. The weeds in the compound around your home should be uprooted.

(B) Ways of Keeping the Compound Clean

1. Sweeping the classroom or rooms in home with a broom.

2. Collect the rubbish from the compound to the dustbin.

3. Mopping is done with a wet cloth by scrubbing the floor.

4. Hoovering is done with a vacuum cleaner, which is an electric equipment.  

5. In a school compound such areas need to be cleaned once in a month. Weeding is done with a big hoe or rakes.

6. A gutter should be cleaned after a short time to make the compound germ free.   7. Rotting leaves and soil is removed with the help of shovels.

8. The toilets in schools and in homes should be cleaned daily.

IMPORTANCE OF SANITATION:

1. Health Benefits: Hand washing is the best way to prevent illness. Brushing and flossing the teeth consistently lowers the likelihood of cavities which can be very painful and cause tooth decay. Long and unkempt hair can obscure vision leading to accident.

2. Emotional Stability: Maintaining a hygienic appearance gives a boost to confidence and supports the good mental health.

3. Healthy Social Life: A family is judged by the cleanliness and good appearance of their home and its surrounding area.

EVALUATION:

i. Define sanitation?

ii. List three methods of keeping our body clean.

iii. What are the three ways to keep our homes clean?

iv. Give the importance of sanitation.

v. Name six cleaning agents we use in our homes.

SUMMARY/CONCLUSSION:

i. Sanitation involves regular practices and disposal of wastewater. It also includes the cleanliness of school and home compounds.

ii. Personal hygiene is a term that is concerned with the daily maintenance of cleanliness by practicing good sanitary conditions.

iii. We should keep our eyes, ears, nose, hair, teeth and skin clean.

iv. All of us should follow good habits. We should take bath every day and brush our teeth twice a day.

v. Broom, rakes, shovels and hoe are some equipment used to clean the compounds.

ASSIGNMENTS:

1. How could sweat lead to skin diseases? Describe the ways to clean sweat.

2. Teeth should be brushed twice a day in the morning and before going to sleep at night. Why?

3. State four ways of keeping the compound clean.

4. What are the steps to wash hands properly? Why is it necessary?

5. Draw a picture of any two pieces of equipment used to clean the compounds.