RESOURCES FROM LIVING THINGS Lesson note

PROPOSED LESSON PLAN/NOTE FOR THE THIRD WEEK ENDING I^st OCTOBER, 2022/2023 ACADEMIC SESSION

SUBJECT: BASIC SCIENCE

TOPIC: RESOURCES FROM LIVING THINGS AND NON-LIVING THINGS

CLASS: GRADE 8

NUMBER OF STUDENTS: 21

AVERAGE AGE: 12+ YEARS

GENDER: MIXED

PERIOD: 3^RD & 4^TH PERIOD ON MONDAY AND WEDNESDAY RESPECTIVELY

DURATION: 40 MINUTES

DATE: 19/09/2022

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson the students should be able to;

i. explain resources from living things;

ii. discuss economic importance of these resources to self and the society;

iii. discuss resources from non-living things, their economic importance.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/ PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: The students are familiar with cocoa, rubber, dyes.

INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS/TECHNIC: Questions, visual, simulation.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Textbook, lesson note, laptop, projector, marker, whiteboard, pictures showing plant resources, animal resources.

INTRODUCTION: Questions posed to the students include

Question 1: What are natural resources, mention some natural resources?

Expected Answer: These are materials present in nature which are useful to mankind. These are air, water, soil, minerals, coal, petroleum, plants and animals.

 STEP1: RESOURCES FROM LIVING THINGS

Resources from living things can be grouped into two categories, i.e., resources from plants and resources from animals.

I. Resources from Plants: Plant resources can be grouped into the following:

A. Cash Crops

B. Food Crops       

C. Dyes

D. Drugs

A. Cash Crops: These are economically important crops. Their products are mainly used for sale in the market as well as to export. Examples of cash crops are oil, cotton, cocoa, rubber, etc.

1. Cocoa pods are obtained from cocoa trees. Cocoa trees are grown chiefly in the southwestern region of Nigeria. People use cocoa in different beverages and local sweet dishes. But on a large scale, it is used in making chocolates, candies and some beverages such as Milo, Bournvita, etc.

2. Rubber is obtained from the rubber plants which are grown in different parts of Edo and Delta states of Nigeria.

3. Cotton fibres are obtained from cotton plants. It is used for manufacturing textile materials.

4. Oils are obtained from palm, sunflower, and groundnuts which are used as cooking oils in Nigeria. Palm oil is the preferred cooking oil to prepare most of the Nigerian foods.

B. Food Crops: Food crops are grown for food. The main food crops grown include yam, cassava, cashew, sorghum, rice, millet, beans, sweet potato, oranges, mangoes, plantain, corn, etc. A variety of vegetables, fruits and nuts are produced in Nigeria.

  Food is very important to human beings, as our body uses it to perform the following functions below:

i. to produce energy for different activities.

ii. to build, repair and grow the body cells.

iii. to protect the body from different diseases.

C. Dyes

Dyes are water soluble plant extracts obtained from camwood also known as African sandalwood or indigo plants. Dyes are used for making colourful patterns on clothing materials. Some other dyes are:

i. Red stigmas of saffron (Crocus) used to dye robes.

ii. Annatto-red-orange is used as a colouring agent in margarine, cheese, cosmetics, etc.

iii. Some beautiful colours are obtained from logwood and different mordants, these are- black, purple, amethyst, etc.

D. Drugs: We obtain drugs from many plants. Some common plants used to prepare some drugs are as follows:

	Source plant	Ailments treated by drug
1.	Quinine	Malaria
2.	Digitalis	Cardiac Diseases
3.	Ephedrine	Asthma
4.	Yellow justicia	Cough

 

II. Resources from Animals

Animals give us food (milk, meat and eggs), hides and skins. Poultry birds such as chicken, turkey, provide us with meat and eggs. Their feathers are also used to make toys and decoration pieces. Droppings of birds and animals are used as manure also. Aquatic animals such as fish, prawns, crabs, etc. are used as food. Animals, bones and horns are also used to make various products such as artifacts, furniture, etc. Wool, fur and tusk are the other products we get from animals. Some of the important things are categorized as:

A. Poultry Products: Poultry birds give us eggs and meat. A large amount of poultry products is exported to other countries to earn money.

B. Hides and Skins: Hides are the skins of large animals such as cows, buffaloes, camels and horses while the term skin is used for the skin of smaller animals such as sheep, goats, rabbits, pigs, etc. Hides and skins are used for making leather. Leather is used to make purses, bags jackets, chairs, car seats, shoes, belts, garments, drums, etc.

C. Dairy Products: Among livestock, cattle and buffaloes play a significant role, because of their contribution to human nutrition (milk, cheese, yoghurt and butter), plant nutrition (farmyard manure) and energy (bullock power). Cattle and buffaloes are maintained by all sections of the community and unlike other natural resources, they are well distributed among small and large land holders.

STEP4: ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF RESOURCES TO SELF AND SOCIETY

We are dependent on land, water, livestock and forests for generating employment and for earning livelihood. Resources from living things are important to self as well as the society. Economic importance of various resources can be discussed under two headings-

I. Importance of Resources for Self-Development

i. These resources provide food to be healthy.

ii. They provide employment to human beings for their livelihood.

iii. A number of products provide us direct earning of money.

iv. They provide us with the necessary medicines to cure us.

II. Importance of Resources for Societal Development

i. These resources provide raw materials for manufacturing houses, schools, industries, etc.

ii. A number of products are exported to earn money from other countries. So, it increases the wealth of the country.

iii. The drugs obtained from plants provide a healthy society or healthy generation.

iv. The wealth earned by people contributes in creating peace in the country.

STEPIII: RESOURCES FROM NON-LIVING THINGS

    A large number of minerals are found in the soil. Minerals are the substances which are naturally found in the earth’s crust. These minerals are not formed from any animal or vegetative matter. Some of the examples of minerals found in the earth’s crust are limestone, gold, copper, tin, lead, coal and salt.

SOLID MINERALS IN NIGERIA

     Nigeria is richly endowed with a variety of solid minerals of various categories ranging from precious metals to various stones and also industrial minerals such as gypsum, kaolin and marble. Much of these are yet to be exploited. Mineral resources that are present in Nigeria but not yet fully exploited are coal and tin. Other natural resources in the country include iron ore, limestone, niobium, lead and zinc.

Some minerals mined in Nigeria

Mineral	Occurrence	Use
1. Tantalite	Cross River, Ekiti, Kogi	Electronics Manufacturing
2. Kaolin	Bauchi, Ogun, Plateau	Pharmaceutical Industry
3. Baryte	Benue, Cross River, Nasarawa	Strategic Mineral for oil drilling
4. Marble	Edo, Kogi, Kwara	Cement Manufacturing

 

DISTRIBUTION OF SOLID MINERALS IN NIGERIA

    Nigerian mineral resources include natural gas, coal, bauxite, tantalite, gold, tin, iron ore, limestone and many more. Uranium, coal, lignite, coke, gold, iron, etc are all mined in Nigeria.

A. Limestone: Nigerian States where deposits or limestone are extracted are Ogun State in the South West and Benue State in the Middle Belt of Nigeria.

B. Coal: In 1909, coal was discovered in Enugu, Nigeria. The Ogbete drift mine was opened six years later. Coal occurrences in Nigeria have been indicated in more than 22 coalfields spread cover 13 states of the federation. Presently, the Nigeria coal industry has 4 existing mines; Okpara and Onyeama in Enugu state,

Aba in Kogi state and Ourekpa in Benue state. Inaddition there are more than 13 under developed coalfields like Azabga lignite field (Delta), Ogboyaga coal field (Kogi), Lafa-obi coal field (Nasarawa) and Unyi coal field (Enugu).

C. Gold: It is found in Ilesha in Osun State. Gold deposits are found in Western Nigeria, most prominently near Maru, Anka, Malele, Tsohon Birnin Gwari-Kwaga,

Gurmana, Bin Yauri, Okolom-Dogondaji, and Iperindo in Kwara State.

D. Tin: It is found in Jos in Plateau State and Bauchi in Bauchi State.

E. Iron : Iron ore deposits are found in Kogi (Itakpe), Kaduna, Enugu, Nasarawa and Zamfara State of Nigeria.

USES/IMPORTANCE OF SOIL MINERALS

    Uses of Limestone

1. It is a source of calcium used as a de-oxidiser and scavenger in refining copper, aluminium, chromium and nickel, and reducing uranium oxide to uranium.

2. Used in cement manufacture.

3. Used in metallurgy as flux.

4. Used as filter in paints.

5. Used in construction work.

6. Used for hydrated lime production.

Uses of Iron Ore

1. Used for making cast iron, wrought iron and steel for various uses. Also used for making alloys for various uses.

3. For making tools and equipment.

4. For making pipes to deliver drinking water

5. Used to make machineries for the production of drugs, processing of food, etc.

Uses of Coal

1. Used as fuel for domestic as well as commercial purposes.

2. Another use of coal is in the manufacture of coke. Coke is nearly pure carbon produced when soft coal is heated in the absence of air. Coke is widely used in steel making and in certain chemical processes.

3. Used in electricity generation.

4. Used in cement manufacture.

5. Used in industrial process heating.

Uses of Tin

1. About half of all tin produced is used for solder. This is usually used for joining electric circuits.

2. Tin is used to create a special type of bronze called bell metal that is used for making bells.

3. Tin has also been used to create decorative house wares.

4. Molten glass used in the production of windows is often floated on top of molten tin to create a fat surface.

5. Tin, together with lead, is also used in the metal pipes of the pipe organ.

Uses of Gold

1. Gold is a precious metal and also a valuable source of foreign exchange.

2. With gold, other minerals can also be extracted like silver, lead and zinc.

EVALUATION:

1. Name five minerals found in Nigeria. Also write the names of states in which they are found.

2. Write any two uses each of iron and tin found in Nigeria.

3. What are dyes? Give a few examples.

4. List two cases of economic importance of resources each for ourselves and for the society.

5. Name five food crops.

4. What are hides and skin?

6. Write short note on dairy products.

SUMMARY/CONCLUSSION:

i. Minerals are the substances which are naturally found in the earth’s crust.

ii. These minerals are not formed from any animal or vegetable matter.

iii. Nigeria is richly endowed with a variety of solid minerals of various categories, ranging from precious metals to various stones, and industrial minerals such as gypsum, kaolin and marble.

iv. Resources are the useful things which we get from living and non-living things.

v. Plant resources can be grouped into-cash crops, food crops, dyes and drugs.

 

ASSIGNMENT:

1. Write brief note on cash crops.

2. List the resources we get from animals.

3. What are the uses of coal and limestone found in Nigeria?

4. Explain the importance of solid minerals.