RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (CONTINUED) Lesson note

PROPOSED LESSON PLAN/NOTE FOR THE EIGHT WEEK ENDING 4^th NOVEMBER, 2022

2022/2023 ACADEMIC SESSION

SUBJECT: BASIC SCIENCE

TOPIC: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (CONTINUED)

CLASS: GRADE 8

NUMBER OF STUDENTS: 22

AVERAGE AGE: 12+ YEARS

GENDER: MIXED

PERIOD: 7^th AND 8^th PERIOD ON TUESDAY AND FRIDAY RESPECTIVELY

TIME: 1:20-2:00

DURATION: 40 MINUTES

DATE: 31/10/2022

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson the students should be able to;

1. explain breathing and its mechanism;

2. discuss artificial respiration and its method;

3. highlight the problems and disease of the respiratory system.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/ PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: Students have already studied part of this topic in week five.

INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS/TECHNIC: Questions, simulation, visual.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Pictures showing respiratory system.

INTRODUCTION: Questions posed to the students include

Question 1: What is respiration?

STEP1: BREATHING AND ITS MECHANISM

The two lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system. They sit to the left and right of the heart, within a space called the thoracic cavity. The cavity is protected by the rib cage. A sheet of muscle called the diaphragm serves other parts of the respiratory system, such as the trachea, or windpipe and bronchi, conduct air to the lungs. While the pleural fluid, allow the lungs to move smoothly within the cavity.

The process of breathing or respiration is divided into two distinct phases. The first phase is called inspiration or inhaling. When the lungs inhale, the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward. At the same time, the muscles between the ribs contract and pull upward. This increases the size of the thoracic cavity and decreases the pressure inside. As a result, air rushes in and fills the lungs.

The second phase is called expiration, or exhaling. When the lungs exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, while the pressure within it increases. As a result, the lungs contract and air is forced out.

Watch animated video of respiration 

STEP2: ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

Artificial respiration is also known as artificial ventilation. This is a metabolic process that stimulates or assists respiration. This is a process where a complete exchange of gases is observed via external respiration, internal respiration and pulmonary ventilation.

METHODS OF ARTIFICIAL REPIRATION

1. Mouth to mouth respiration

2. Artificial respiration machine

3. Artificial breathing devices

STEP: PROBLEMS AND DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1. Asthma

2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

3. Cystic fibrosis

4. Lung Cancer

5. Tuberculosis

6. Bronchitis

7. Pneumonia

8. Emphysema

EVALUATION:

1. Explain breathing and its mechanism.

2. Discuss artificial respiration and its method.

3. Highlight the problems and disease of the respiratory system.

SUMMARY/CONCLUSSION:

The two lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system.

Artificial respiration is also known as artificial ventilation. This is a metabolic process that stimulates or assists respiration.

ASSIGNMENT:

1. Explain breathing and its mechanism.

2. Discuss artificial respiration and its method.

3. Highlight the problems and disease of the respiratory system.