WEEK ONE
SUBJECT: BASIC
SCIENCE
CLASS: GRADE 7
TERM: SECOND
TOPIC: ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
SUBTOPIC: SANITATION
MEANING OF SANITATION: Sanitation
is the general cleanliness and safe removal of waste (unclean substance)
completely from our environment. Proper waste disposal such as human feces,
urine and other unclean substance is called sanitation. After cleaning our
surroundings, there is need to clean our body.
METHODS
OF SANITATION: How waste is properly removed or disposed is called methods
of sanitation or waste disposal. They include
1. Landfill:
The disposal of waste material by burying it. This is a good method of
disposing refuse by throwing them inside pits to form compost.
2. Incineration:
The disposal of waste material by burning it.
3. Recycling:
The action or process of converting waste into reusable material.
4. Refuse disposal:
Refuse refers to any disposable materials, which includes both recyclable and
non-recyclable materials.
5. Sewage disposal:
Waste water and excrement conveyed in sewers are sewage.
TYPES OF TOILET:
1. Pit latrine toilet:
A pit latrine, also known as pit toilet, is a type of toilet that collects
human feces in a hole in the ground. Urine and feces enter the pit through a
drop hole in the floor.
2. Bucket toilet:
A bucket toilet is a basic form of a dry toilet whereby a bucket (pail) is used
to collect excreta.
3. Water system:
A flush toilet or water closet is a toilet that disposes of human waste by
using the force of water to flush it through a drainpipe to another location
for treatment, either nearby or at a communal facility, thus maintaining a
separation between humans and their waste.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BIO-DEGRADABLE
AND NON-BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS:
|
Biodegradable Substance |
Non-biodegradable
Substance |
|
It
decomposes naturally in the environment by the action of microorganisms. |
It
does not decompose naturally. |
|
It
is environment friendly. |
It
is harmful to the environment and causes pollution. |
|
It
is made up of natural ingredients |
It
is made up of synthetic materials. |
|
It
can be converted into manure or recycled. |
It
can be either reused or recycled. |
|
Examples:
Waste paper, wood crumbles, etc |
Examples:
Plastic bags, cans, disposable bottles, etc. |
IMPORTANCE OF
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION
1.
It makes the environment habitable for living.
2.
It helps in maintaining a clean and healthy environment.
3.
Pollution prevention.
4.
Promotes human health.
5.
It makes our environment free of objects that can cause accidents.
6.
It reduces the number of diseases - causing organisms.
ASSIGNMENT
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
1.
A drain that carries waste materials with water, away from our homes is called
a A. drainage drum B. sewage C. septic tank D. soak away E. suck away
2.
The following are examples of biodegradable materials EXCEPT A. banana B. nylon
bag C. orange peels D. waste plants E. yam peelings
3.
A good method of disposing refuse is by throwing them A. inside pits to form
compost B. into gutters when it is raining C. into nearby bushes D. into
uncompleted buildings E. on the streets at night
4.
Which of the following measures cannot
be used to control pollution? A. Conservative use of chemicals. B.
Indiscriminate waste disposal. C. Proper legislation. D. Proper sewage
disposal. E. Recycling of waste materials.
5.
Soil pollution involves the following processes except - A. accumulation of
non-biodegradable materials B. alteration of the soil chemical composition C.
deposition of solid waste D. recycling of biodegradable materials E.
toxification of soil by chemicals
6.
The disposal of waste material by burning it is called A. landfill B.
incineration C. recycling D. refuse disposal
THEORY QUESTIONS:
1.
What is sanitation?
2.
List and explain five methods of sanitation.
3.
List and explain three types of toilet.
4.
Differentiate between biodegradable waste and non-biodegradable waste.
5.
List three importance of environmental sanitation.
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