WEEK FOUR
SUBJECT: AGRIC SCIENCE
CLASS: GRADE 8
TERM: SECOND
TOPIC: FARM ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
SYSTEMS OF FARM ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
MANAGEMENT: Animal husbandry is the branch of
agriculture where animals are reared, bred and raised for meat, fiber, eggs,
milk and other food products. It refers to livestock raising and selective
breeding. It is the management and care of animals in which the genetic
qualities and behavior of animals are further developed for profit. A large
number of farmers depend upon animal husbandry for their livelihood.
Animals
are bred commercially in order to meet the high demand for food. Dairy products
from animals like cows, buffaloes, goats are rich sources of protein. These
animals are called milch animals as they provide us with milk.
Another set of animals that provide nutrient-rich food are hen, ducks, goose,
etc. They provide us with eggs, which again are rich sources of protein.
Animals
like chicken, duck, ox, goat, pigs, etc. are bred for meat. Other than these
domestic animals we have other sources of nutrients as well, they are marine
animals. The sea food we eat has very high nutrient values. They are sources of
variety of nutrients like fat, proteins, vitamins and minerals.
The
care, breeding, management, etc of animals are particularly monitored under the
departments of animal husbandry. Animal husbandry is a large scale business. The animals are bred, cared, reared, de-beak,
de-worm, incubate, wean and sheltered in a farm or region, which are specially
built for them. Animal husbandry involves poultry, milk-farms, apiculture (bee
agriculture), aquaculture, etc.
TYPES OF ANIMAL HUSBANDARY: There
are four major types of animal husbandry practiced in the world today:
Dairy Farming: Dairy
farming is the agricultural technique concerned with the long term production
of milk, which is then processed to obtain dairy products such as curds,
cheese, yoghurt, butter, cream, etc. It involves the management of dairy
animals such as cows, buffaloes, sheep, goat, etc. These animals are milked by
hand or by machines. The milk is preserved and converted into dairy products
industrially, which are then used for commercial purposes.
Poultry Farming: Poultry
farming is concerned with raising and breeding of birds for commercial
purposes. Birds like ducks, chickens, geese, pigeons, turkeys, etc. are
domesticated for eggs and meat.
Fish Farming: Fish
farming is the process of raising fish in closed tanks or ponds for commercial
purposes. There is an increasing demand for fish or fish protein. Fish species
such as salmon, catfish, cod, and tilapia are raised in fish farms. Fish
farming is also known as pisciculture.
Bee Farming: Bee
farming or apiculture is the practice of maintaining bee colonies by humans in
man-made hives. Honey bees are reared on a large scale. The bees are
domesticated for honey, wax, and to pollinate flowers. They are also used by
other bee keepers for the same purposes. The place where bees are kept is known
as an apiary or a bee yard.
ASSIGNMENT
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
1.
Career opportunities in agriculture available in the following areas EXCEPT A.
Animal husbandry B. coal mining C. crop husbandry D. machine operation E.
tractor driving
2.
Tsetse fly is an enemy in animal husbandry because it transmits A. contagious
abortion B. malaria fever C. Newcastle disease D. sleeping sickness E. small
pox
3.
The rearing and keeping of livestock is known as A. animal husbandry B. animal
improvement C. animal nutrition D. extensive management E. intensive management
4.
Which of the following is NOT a management practice in animal husbandry? A.
Culling B. Debeaking C. De-worming D. Incubating E. Weaning
5.
Which of the following practices would a farmer NOT likely adopt in pig
management? A. Castration B. Dehorning C. Ear notching C. De-worming D. Feeding
on iron supplement
6.
The keeping of bees is term A. apiculture B. heliculture C. pisciculture D.
agriculture E. aquaculture
THEORY QUESTIONS:
1.
What is animal husbandry?
2.
List five cares giving to animals in animal husbandry.
3.
List four types of animal husbandry and explain one.
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