REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) ENOTE

WEEK FOUR

SUBJECT: BASIC SCIENCE

CLASS: GRADE 8

TERM: SECOND

TOPIC: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED)

REPRODUCTION (TYPES AND FORMS E.G. SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL) AND PRESERVATION OF SPECIES: There are two types of reproduction – asexual and sexual.

Sexual Reproduction –This process of reproduction is very complex that involves the formation and transfer of gametes, followed by fertilization, the formation of the zygote, and embryogenesis.

Asexual Reproduction — This process of reproduction involves only one parent and the new offspring produced is genetically similar to the parent.

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE: What are sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact. The contact is usually vaginal, oral, or anal sex. But sometimes they can spread through other intimate physical contact. This is because some STDs, like herpes and HPV, are spread by skin-to-skin contact.

There are more than 20 types of STDs, including:

·         Chlamydia

·         Genital herpes

·         Gonorrhea

·         HIV/AIDS

·         HPV

·         Pubic lice

·         Syphilis

·         Trichomoniasis

What causes sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

STDs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites.

Who is affected by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

Most STDs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health problems they cause can be more severe for women. If a pregnant woman has an STD, it can cause serious health problems for the baby.

What are the symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

STDs don't always cause symptoms or may only cause mild symptoms. So it is possible to have an infection and not know it. But you can still pass it on to others.

If there are symptoms, they could include:

·         Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina

·         Sores or warts on the genital area

·         Painful or frequent urination

·         Itching and redness in the genital area

·         Blisters or sores in or around the mouth

·         Abnormal vaginal odor

·         Anal itching, soreness, or bleeding

·         Abdominal pain

·         Fever

How are sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) diagnosed?

If you are sexually active, you should talk to your health care provider about your risk for STDs and whether you need to be tested. This is especially important since many STDs do not usually cause symptoms.

Some STDs may be diagnosed during a physical exam or through microscopic examination of a sore or fluid swabbed from the vagina, penis, or anus. Blood tests can diagnose other types of STDs.

What are the treatments for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

Antibiotics can treat STDs caused by bacteria or parasites. There is no cure for STDs caused by viruses, but medicines can often help with the symptoms and lower your risk of spreading the infection.

Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading STDs. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.

There are vaccines to prevent HPV and hepatitis B.

Can sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) be prevented?

Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading STDs. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex. There are vaccines to prevent HPV and hepatitis B.

ASSIGNMENT

OBJECTIVE:

1. Which of the following hormones produced by a girl at adolescent is responsible for reproduction? A. Adrenalin B. Oestrogen C. Pituitrin D. Testosterone E. Thyroxine

2. The period of pregnancy in mammals is referred to as A. fertilization B. gestation C. implantation D. menstruation E. Ovulation

3. In a human female fertilization take place in the A. uterus B. fallopian tube C. cervix D. vulva E. clitoris

4. In a human female the part which houses an unborn baby is A. uterus B. womb C. cervix D. vulva E. uterus

5. The male testes are found in the A. bladder B. kidney C. penis D. scrotum E.  sperm duct

6. Which of these is NOT found in the male reproductive system? A. Penis B. Scrotum C. Sperm duct D. Testes E. Uterus

THEORY:

1. Mention two types of reproduction and differentiate between them.

2. What are sexually transmitted diseases?

3. List eight types of sexually transmitted infections.