Modern Electricity

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🌟 BASIC SCIENCE E-NOTE

Topic: Basic Electricity

Class: Primary 5

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⚡ What is Electricity?

Electricity is a form of energy that makes things work.
We use electricity every day in many ways:

• It makes bulbs shine (light).

• It makes fans turn (movement).

• It makes irons hot (heat).

• It makes radios and speakers produce sound.

Electricity is very important in our homes, schools, and offices.

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🔌 Types of Electricity

There are two main types of electricity:

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1. Static Electricity

Static electricity is produced when two objects rub against each other.

Examples:

• When you rub a comb on your hair and it picks small pieces of paper.

• When clothes stick together after washing.

This electricity does not flow through wires.

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2. Current Electricity

Current electricity is the one that flows through wires and powers appliances.

Examples:

• Electricity that comes from sockets.

• Electricity from batteries used in torchlights.

• Electricity used to power TVs, fans, and fridges.

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⚙️ Methods of Generating Electricity

Electricity can be produced in different ways:

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1. Hydroelectric Power

• Produced using water from dams.

• Nigeria uses this method (example: Kainji Dam).

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2. Solar Energy

• Produced using sunlight and solar panels.

• Used in solar lamps, solar boreholes, and some homes.

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3. Wind Energy

• Produced using wind turbines that rotate when wind blows.

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4. Generators

• Use petrol or diesel to produce electricity.

• Common in many Nigerian homes.

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5. Batteries

• Produce electricity through chemicals.

• Used in:

  • Torchlights

  • Wall clocks

  • Remote controls

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🧠 Quick Summary

Concept	Key Idea	Example
Electricity	A form of energy	Bulbs, fan
Static electricity	From rubbing objects	Comb picking paper
Current electricity	Flows through wires	Socket, battery
Generation	Ways electricity is made	Solar, water, wind

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📝 Class Activity

1. Mention three devices that use electricity in your house.

2. Identify whether they use battery, solar, or socket power.

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🎯 10 Objective Questions (Questions Only)

1. Electricity is a form of __________.
   A. food
   B. water
   C. energy
   D. sound

2. The type of electricity that flows through wires is called __________.
   A. static electricity
   B. current electricity
   C. wind electricity
   D. solar electricity

3. Which of these is an example of static electricity?
   A. Bulb shining
   B. Fan turning
   C. Comb picking papers
   D. Pressing iron heating

4. Electricity that comes from sockets is __________ electricity.
   A. static
   B. current
   C. wind
   D. solar

5. A device that uses battery electricity is __________.
   A. ceiling fan
   B. torchlight
   C. refrigerator
   D. electric cooker

6. Hydroelectricity is produced using __________.
   A. sunlight
   B. wind
   C. water
   D. petrol

7. Solar energy comes from the __________.
   A. moon
   B. stars
   C. sun
   D. clouds

8. Generators use __________ to produce electricity.
   A. sand
   B. petrol/diesel
   C. salt
   D. water

9. Which of these is used to collect sunlight?
   A. battery
   B. fan
   C. solar panel
   D. radio

10. Wind electricity is produced using __________.
    A. turbines
    B. bulbs
    C. batteries
    D. sockets

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✅ Answers (Separate List)

1. C

2. B

3. C

4. B

5. B

6. C

7. C

8. B

9. C

10. A