Environmental Pollution

SUBJECT: Basic Science
CLASS: JSS 1 (Grade 7)
TOPIC: Environmental Pollution
DURATION: 40 Minutes
TEACHER: Agric Science Teacher
SCHOOL TYPE: Nigerian Secondary School

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LESSON PLAN

1. Instructional Objectives (Specific & Measurable)

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define environmental pollution correctly in their own words.
   (Lower cognitive domain – Knowledge)

2. Identify and list at least three types of environmental pollution (air, water, soil) with one example each.
   (Middle cognitive domain – Understanding)

3. Explain at least two causes (pollutants) of environmental pollution affecting their immediate environment.
   (Middle cognitive domain – Application)

4. Describe two effects of environmental pollution on plants, animals, and humans.
   (Affective domain – Awareness/Value)

5. Suggest at least three practical methods of controlling pollution in their community.
   (Higher cognitive domain – Analysis/Synthesis)

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2. Entry Behaviour

Students have seen dirty surroundings, smoke from vehicles, refuse dumps, and polluted water in their communities.

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3. Instructional Materials

• Charts/posters showing polluted air, water, and land

• Pictures of refuse dumps, oil spills, smoke

• Chalkboard and chalk

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4. Teaching Methods

• Discussion method

• Question and answer

• Demonstration using pictures

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5. Presentation (40 Minutes)

Step 1: Introduction (5 minutes)

• Teacher asks students:

  • “Have you ever seen dirty water or smoke in the air?”

  • “How did it make you feel?”

• Teacher links their responses to environmental pollution.

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Step 2: Meaning of Environmental Pollution (5 minutes)

• Teacher explains:

  Environmental pollution is the contamination of our environment (air, water, and land) with harmful substances that can cause damage to living things.

• Students repeat and give examples.

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Step 3: Types of Environmental Pollution (10 minutes)

Teacher explains with examples:

1. Air Pollution – Smoke from vehicles, factories, burning refuse.

2. Water Pollution – Oil spill, dumping refuse in rivers and streams.

3. Soil (Land) Pollution – Refuse dumps, chemicals on farmland.

Students mention examples seen in their community.

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Step 4: Causes (Pollutants) of Pollution (7 minutes)

Teacher explains:

• Smoke

• Chemicals

• Refuse

• Oil spills

• Sewage

Teacher emphasizes that these substances are called pollutants.

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Step 5: Effects of Pollution (7 minutes)

Teacher discusses effects such as:

• Causes sickness in humans (cough, asthma)

• Kills plants and animals

• Pollutes drinking water

• Reduces soil fertility

Students mention effects they know.

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Step 6: Methods of Controlling Pollution (4 minutes)

Teacher explains:

• Proper disposal of refuse

• Avoid burning refuse

• Recycling waste

• Planting trees

• Treating waste before disposal

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6. Evaluation (2 minutes)

Teacher asks students to:

1. Define environmental pollution.

2. Mention two types of pollution.

3. State one cause and one effect of pollution.

4. Suggest one way to control pollution.

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7. Summary (3 minutes)

Teacher revises:

• Meaning of environmental pollution

• Types

• Causes

• Effects

• Control measures

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8. Assignment

1. Write two causes and two effects of environmental pollution.

2. Draw and colour one type of environmental pollution.

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Teacher’s Remark:
Students participated actively and were able to relate pollution to their environment.

Below are 20 well-structured objective questions on Environmental Pollution for Grade 7 (JSS 1).
The questions are arranged to cover lower (knowledge), middle (understanding/application), and upper (analysis/evaluation) cognitive domains, as used in Nigerian secondary schools

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Objective Questions: Environmental Pollution

Lower Domain (Knowledge & Recall)

1. Environmental pollution means
   A. keeping the environment clean
   B. contamination of the environment with harmful substances
   C. planting of trees
   D. farming activities

2. Which of the following is an example of air pollution?
   A. Oil spill in a river
   B. Smoke from vehicles
   C. Refuse dump on land
   D. Sewage in water

3. Pollution of rivers and streams is called
   A. air pollution
   B. soil pollution
   C. water pollution
   D. noise pollution

4. Which of the following is NOT a type of environmental pollution?
   A. Air pollution
   B. Water pollution
   C. Soil pollution
   D. Crop pollution

5. Harmful substances that cause pollution are known as
   A. fertilizers
   B. nutrients
   C. pollutants
   D. minerals

6. Which of these can cause soil pollution?
   A. Rainfall
   B. Refuse dumping
   C. Wind
   D. Sunshine

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Middle Domain (Understanding & Application)

7. Dumping refuse into rivers mainly causes
   A. air pollution
   B. soil pollution
   C. water pollution
   D. noise pollution

8. Smoke from factories can lead to
   A. clean air
   B. air pollution
   C. soil fertility
   D. water purification

9. One major cause of environmental pollution in cities is
   A. tree planting
   B. proper sanitation
   C. indiscriminate waste disposal
   D. clean water supply

10. Which of the following activities helps to reduce pollution?
    A. Burning refuse
    B. Dumping waste in drains
    C. Recycling waste
    D. Oil spillage

11. Oil spillage is most harmful to
    A. air
    B. land only
    C. water bodies
    D. buildings

12. Environmental pollution can affect humans by causing
    A. good health
    B. increased harvest
    C. diseases
    D. better living conditions

13. Using chemicals carelessly on farmland can lead to
    A. soil pollution
    B. water evaporation
    C. air movement
    D. rainfall

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Upper Domain (Analysis, Evaluation & Problem-Solving)

14. Which method is the BEST way to control environmental pollution?
    A. Burning refuse regularly
    B. Proper waste disposal
    C. Pouring chemicals into rivers
    D. Cutting down trees

15. If a community suffers from polluted drinking water, the most likely cause is
    A. tree planting
    B. oil spill or sewage discharge
    C. rainfall
    D. clean drainage system

16. A farmer notices poor crop growth due to chemical waste on the land. This problem is an example of
    A. air pollution
    B. water pollution
    C. soil pollution
    D. noise pollution

17. Which action would most effectively reduce air pollution in cities?
    A. Cutting trees
    B. Increasing vehicle smoke
    C. Planting more trees
    D. Burning refuse

18. Environmental pollution is dangerous because it
    A. improves soil fertility
    B. promotes plant growth
    C. destroys living organisms
    D. increases food production

19. A student who throws waste in the school compound is contributing to
    A. environmental cleanliness
    B. environmental protection
    C. environmental pollution
    D. environmental conservation

20. Which of the following shows responsible behaviour toward the environment?
    A. Dumping refuse in gutters
    B. Burning plastics
    C. Proper disposal of waste
    D. Pouring oil into streams

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Answers

1. B

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. C

6. B

7. C

8. B

9. C

10. C

11. C

12. C

13. A

14. B

15. B

16. C

17. C

18. C

19. C

20. C