PROPOSED LESSON PLAN/NOTE FOR THE FIFTH WEEK ENDING 14th OCTOBER, 2022
2022/2023 ACADEMIC
SESSION
SUBJECT: AGRIC SCIENCE
TOPIC:
LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS
SUBTOPIC: NON-LIVING
THINGS
CLASS: GRADE 7
NUMBER OF STUDENTS: 11
AVERAGE AGE: 11+ YEARS
GENDER: MIXED
PERIOD: 7th
AND 8th PERIOD ON TUESDAY AND FRIDAY RESPECTIVELY
TIME: 1:20-2:00
DURATION: 40 MINUTES
DATE: 10/10/2022
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: By
the end of the lesson the students should be able to;
1.
Sort out the materials into metals and non-metals.
2.
Distinguished between metals and non-metals.
3.
Explain uses of the materials.
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/ PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE:
The
students are familiar with non-living things in their environment.
INSTRUCTIONAL
METHODS/TECHNIC: Questions, simulation, visual.
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
Old news papers and drawing books, charts/posters, films, plaster containers
and polythene bags.
INTRODUCTION: Questions posed
to the students include
Question 1: What
are non-living things?
Expected Answer: Rainfall,
temperature
STEP 1: METALS AND
NON-METALS
A non-living thing is one that lacks or has
stopped displaying the characteristics of life like growth, reproduction,
respiration, metabolism, and movement. They also are not capable of responding
to stimulus or evolve and adapt to their environment. They also do not require
energy to continue existence. Examples of non-living things are: rock, water,
sun, moon and clouds. Man-made things like cars and buses, roads and buildings
are also non-living things.
Metals and non-metals are terms used in
chemistry when classifying the chemical elements. On the basis of their
properties, every element in the periodic table can be termed as either a metal
or non-metal. (A few elements with intermediate properties are referred to as
metalloids).
Elements
are pure substances which cannot be broken into two or more pure substances by
any chemical means.
All
the elements are arranged in a table in the form of rows and columns. This
table is called a periodic table. The first twenty element are hydrogen,
helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon,
sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, argon,
potassium, calcium.
METALS:
Most of the elements found in the world
are metals, with only 21 of the elements being non-metals.
Gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead,
zinc are some common metals. Metals are used to make many things like utensils,
wires, coins, aircraft, jewellery, etc.
NON-METALS:
Non-metals can be solid, liquid or gas.
Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine and sulphur are some common
non-metals. Pencil lead, charcoal and diamond are examples of things made of
non-metals.
PROPERTIES OF METALS
AND NON-METALS
Metals
can be distinguished from non-metals on the basis of their physical and
chemical properties.
(A) Physical Properties
of Metals and Non-metals
1.
Metals are malleable whereas non-metals are non-malleable. Malleability is the
property of certain elements by which they can be beaten into sheets. The
elements which possess this property are malleable. For example, on hammering
an iron nail got flattened but a piece of charcoal broke into smaller pieces.
This shows that metals are malleable while non-metals are not.
2.
Metals are ductile: The property of an element by which it can be drawn into
wires is called ductility and such elements are called ductile. Metals like
aluminum and copper can be drawn into wires but non-metals like coal and
sulphur do not form wires.
3.
Metals are good conductors of electricity whereas non-metals are bad conductors
of electricity. That is why the electrical wires are made up of copper and to
prevent shock, they are insulated with a coat of plastic.
4.
Metals are good conductors of heat whereas non-metals are bad conductors of
heat.
5.
Metals are sonorous while non-metals are not. When metals are struck with some
hard material, they produce ringing sound. Thus metals are sonorous.
6.
Metals are generally solid while non-metals generally gases at room
temperature.
7.
Metals are generally hard while non-metals being gases are not hard.
8.
Metals generally have high melting and boiling points while non-metals
generally have melting and boiling point.
9.
Metals generally have high density while non-metals have low density.
10.
Metals are lustrous while non-metals are not. When metals are freshly cut, they
have a brilliant shine over the çut surface. This metallic shine is called
lustre.
Thus,
elements which are generally solid, hard, lustrous, heavier than water,
malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity, sonorous and have
high
melting and boiling points are called metals. On the other hand, elements which
are generally brittle solids or liquids or gases, not hard, non-lustrous,
lighter than water, non-malleable, non-ductile, bad conductors of heat and
electricity, non-sonorous and have low melting and boiling points are called
non-metals.
(B) Chemical Properties of Metals
and Non-Metals
(i) Reaction with Oxygen:
Metals and non-metals both react with oxygen to form oxides. Metal oxides
dissolve in water to form soluble hydroxides, commonly called alkalis. Alkalis
are basic in nature and turn red litmus blue. On the other hand, oxides of
non-metals are generally acidic in nature. They turn blue litmus red. Example:
Rusting of iron occurs because of formation of iron oxide.
Most
of the oxides of non-metals are acidic in nature. However, water, carbon
monoxide, nitric oxide and nitrous oxide are neither acidic nor basic in
nature. Such oxides are called neutral oxides.
(ii) Reaction with water: Some
metals react with water to form either metal hydroxides or metal oxides and
hydrogen gas while others do not. However, non-metals do not react with water.
Phosphorus is a very reactive non-metal and catches fire if exposed to air. To
prevent the contact of phosphorus with atmospheric oxygen , it is stored in
water.
(iii) Reaction with acids: Metals
react with acids to form respective salts and hydrogen gas (a hydrogen gas that
burns with a ‘pop’ sound). But non-metals generally do not react with acids.
STEP2:DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN METALS AND NON-METALS
|
Property |
Metals |
Non-metals |
|
1.State |
Metals
are generally solid at room temperature. |
Non-metals
are generally brittle solids or may be liquids or gases |
|
2.Hardness |
Metals
are generally hard |
Non-metals
are generally not hard |
|
3.Lustre |
Metals
have luster |
Non-metals
generally have no luster |
|
4.Density |
Metals
generally have a high density. |
Non-metals
generally have low density. |
|
5.Melting
and Boiling point |
Metals
in general have high melting and boiling points. |
Non-metals
have low melting and boiling points. |
|
6.Malleability |
Metals
are generally malleable |
Non-metals
are non-malleable. |
|
7.Ductility |
Metals
are generally ductile |
Non-metals
are non-ductile. |
|
8.Conductivity |
Metals
are generally good conductors of heat and electricity. |
Non-metals
are generally bad conductors of electricity. |
|
9.Sonorous |
Metals
are sonorous |
Non-metals
are non-sonorous. |
|
10.Reaction
with oxygen |
Metals
react with oxygen to form their oxides which are basic. |
Non-metals
react with oxygen to form their oxides, which are either acidic or neutral in
nature. |
|
11.
Reaction with water |
Metals
react with water to form either hydroxide or oxide and hydrogen gas. |
Non-metals
do not react with water |
|
12.Reaction
with acids |
Metals
generally react with acids and hydrogen gas. |
Non-metals
generally do not react with acids. |
STEP3:USES OF METALS
AND NON-METALS
Uses of metals:
1.
Iron metal is used for making cooking vessels, water boilers, stoves, tools,
nails, bolts, electromagnets, etc.
2.
Aluminium is used for making aircraft bodies and automobile engines.
3.
Copper and aluminium are used for making electric wires and cooking utensils.
4.
Gold and silver are widely used for making jewellery and coins.
5.
Mercury is used in making thermometers.
Uses of Non-metals
1.
Phosphorus is used in match-box industry and in the manufacture of fertilizers.
2.
Iodine is used as an antiseptic.
3.
Oxygen is used for respiration by all living things and for the combustion of
fuel.
4.
Sulphur is used for making fire crackers, gun powder and sulphuric acid.
5.
Chlorine is used in purification of water.
6.
Carbon is the main element found in all living things.
EVALUATION:
1.
Sort out the materials into metals and non-metals.
2.
Distinguished between metals and non-metals.
3.
Explain uses of the materials.
SUMMARY/CONCLUSSION:
Metals
are generally solid, hard, lustrous, malleable, ductile, good conductors of
heat and electricity, sonorous, etc.
Nonmetals
are generally brittle solids or liquids or gases, non-lustrous, non-malleable,
non-ductile, bad conductors of heat and electricity, non-sonorous, etc.
ASSIGNMENT
1.
What are the differences between metals and non-metals?
2.
State three properties each of metals and non-metals.
3.
Mention four uses each of metals and non-metals.
4. Sort out the elements given below as metals and non-metals- carbon, iron, iodine, magnesium, sulphur, aluminum, copper, chlorine, oxygen, zinc, gold, bromine and silver.
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