Living and Non-Living Things (Matter) Lesson note

DETAILED LESSON NOTE

School: Junior Secondary School
Subject: Basic Science
Class: JSS 1 (Grade 7)

Week: Five
Topic: Living and Non-Living Things
Sub-Topic: Matter
Duration: 40 minutes
Date: To be inserted by teacher
Period: To be inserted by teacher
Instructional Materials:

• Samples of matter (stone, water, chalk, balloon, candle)
• Chart showing classification of matter
• Diagram of states of matter
• Ice cube (for demonstration of change of state)

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Lesson Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Lower Domain (Knowledge): Define matter correctly as anything that has mass and occupies space.
2. Middle Domain (Comprehension): Identify examples of matter from materials around them.
3. Higher Domain (Application): Classify matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures with examples.
4. Higher Domain (Analysis): Distinguish between the four states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, plasma) using examples.
5. Higher Domain (Evaluation): Explain at least two changes of state (e.g., melting, evaporation) using real-life examples.

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Entry Behaviour

Students already know that objects around them like stone, water, or chalk can be touched, held, or felt.

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Set Induction (5 minutes)

• Teacher places different items (stone, chalk, water in a cup, and an inflated balloon) on a table.
• Teacher asks: “What do all these things have in common?”
• Expected students’ response: “They are things we can see, touch, and use.”
• Teacher links their responses to the new topic: Matter.

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Presentation (25 minutes)

Step 1: Meaning of Matter (5 minutes)

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explains that matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
• Gives examples: water, air, wood, book, iron, stone.

Students’ Activities:

• Repeat the definition.
• Mention other examples from their environment (e.g., sand, table, paper).

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Step 2: Identification of Matter (5 minutes)

Teacher’s Activities:

• Guides students to identify matter in their surroundings, stressing that both living (plants, animals) and non-living things (stone, air) are matter.

Students’ Activities:

• Point out examples of matter within the classroom (e.g., desks, uniforms, air).
• Differentiate between matter that is living and matter that is non-living.

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Step 3: Classification of Matter (5 minutes)

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explains the three classes of matter:
1. Elements → made of one kind of atom only (e.g., gold, oxygen, iron).
2. Compounds → substances formed when two or more elements combine chemically (e.g., water, carbon dioxide, salt).
3. Mixtures → two or more substances physically combined (e.g., air, sand + salt, water + sugar).
• Uses a chart to explain with examples.

Students’ Activities:

• Classify given samples (salt → compound, oxygen → element, sugar solution → mixture).
• Give one more example of each class.

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Step 4: States of Matter (5 minutes)

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explains the four states of matter with examples:
1. Solid → has definite shape and volume (stone, chalk).
2. Liquid → has definite volume but no definite shape (water, oil).
3. Gas → has neither definite shape nor volume (air, oxygen).
4. Plasma → very hot ionized state of matter found in the sun and fluorescent bulbs.
• Uses a chart to show differences.

Students’ Activities:

• Identify which state each classroom sample belongs to.
• Compare solid and liquid using examples.

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Step 5: Change of State (5 minutes)

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explains that matter can change from one state to another:
• Melting → solid → liquid (ice → water).
• Freezing → liquid → solid (water → ice).
• Evaporation → liquid → gas (boiling water → steam).
• Condensation → gas → liquid (dew formation).
• Demonstrates by showing an ice cube melting (if available).

Students’ Activities:

• Describe real-life examples they have seen (e.g., candle melting, boiling kettle, mist on windows).

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Evaluation (5 minutes)

Teacher asks the following questions:

1. Define matter.
2. Mention two examples of matter in your classroom.
3. Classify air, salt, and water into element, compound, or mixture.
4. Differentiate between solid and gas.
5. Explain melting with one example.

Expected Answers:

1. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
2. (Examples: desk, chair, book, air, water, etc.)
3. Air → mixture, Salt → compound, Water → compound.
4. Solid has definite shape/volume; gas has none.
5. Melting is the change from solid to liquid (e.g., ice → water).

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Assignment

1. Draw and label the four states of matter with two examples each.
2. Write short notes on three changes of state you know.

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Conclusion

• Teacher summarizes the lesson:
• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
• Matter can be identified all around us.
• Matter is classified into elements, compounds, and mixtures.
• Matter exists in four states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
• Matter changes state through melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation.
• Teacher encourages students to observe changes of state in their daily lives.

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