Diseases and Prevention-Lesson note

Subject: Basic Science

Class: Grade 7 (JSS 1)

Topic: Diseases and Prevention

Duration: 40 Minutes

---

Instructional Objectives (Specific and Measurable)

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Cognitive – Lower Domain (Knowledge):
• Define the term disease correctly.
2. Cognitive – Middle Domain (Understanding):
• Identify and classify diseases into communicable and non-communicable diseases.
3. Cognitive – Higher Domain (Application):
• Explain different modes of transmission of diseases (air, water, food, insects) and suggest appropriate methods of prevention for each.
4. Affective Domain (Attitude):
• Demonstrate a positive attitude towards personal hygiene, sanitation, and immunization as ways of preventing diseases.

---

Entry Behaviour

Students have heard about common diseases like malaria, cholera, and cough from home, school, or the media.

---

Instructional Materials

• Charts or pictures showing sick persons and healthy practices
• Flash cards
• Chalkboard and chalk

---

Teaching Methods

• Discussion method
• Question and answer method
• Demonstration

---

Lesson Presentation

Step 1: Introduction (5 minutes)

• Teacher asks students questions such as:
• “Have you ever been sick before?”
• “What made you sick?”
• Teacher introduces the topic: Diseases and Prevention.

---

Step 2: Explanation (25 minutes)

(a) Meaning of Disease (5 minutes)

• Disease is defined as a condition that affects the normal functioning of the body.
• Examples: malaria, cough, typhoid.

(b) Types of Diseases (5 minutes)

• Communicable diseases: Can be transferred from one person to another (e.g. malaria, tuberculosis).
• Non-communicable diseases: Cannot be transferred (e.g. diabetes, hypertension).

(c) Modes of Transmission of Diseases (10 minutes)

• Air: coughing, sneezing (e.g. tuberculosis, flu).
• Water: drinking dirty water (e.g. cholera).
• Food: eating contaminated food (e.g. typhoid).
• Insects: mosquito bites (e.g. malaria).

(d) Methods of Prevention (5 minutes)

• Sanitation: clean environment, proper waste disposal.
• Education: learning about diseases and healthy habits.
• Immunization: taking vaccines to prevent diseases.

---

Step 3: Evaluation (7 minutes)

Teacher asks students to:

1. Define disease.
2. Mention two types of diseases.
3. List two ways diseases can be transmitted.
4. State two methods of preventing diseases.

---

Step 4: Summary (2 minutes)

• Teacher summarizes key points.
• Students repeat important concepts.

---

Step 5: Assignment (1 minute)

• Write five common diseases and state how each can be prevented.

---

Objective Questions

Lower Domain (Knowledge & Recall) – Questions 1–7

1. A disease is best defined as
   A. a form of exercise
   B. a condition that affects the normal functioning of the body
   C. good health
   D. body strength
2. Which of the following is a disease?
   A. Sleep
   B. Hunger
   C. Malaria
   D. Growth
3. Diseases that can be transferred from one person to another are called
   A. hereditary diseases
   B. non-communicable diseases
   C. communicable diseases
   D. minor diseases
4. Which of the following is a non-communicable disease?
   A. Cholera
   B. Malaria
   C. Tuberculosis
   D. Diabetes
5. Which organism spreads malaria?
   A. Housefly
   B. Cockroach
   C. Mosquito
   D. Ant
6. Cholera is mainly spread through
   A. air
   B. clean water
   C. contaminated water
   D. sunlight
7. Which of the following is a method of preventing diseases?
   A. Playing
   B. Sanitation
   C. Sleeping
   D. Running

---

Middle Domain (Understanding & Comprehension) – Questions 8–14

8. Tuberculosis can be spread through
   A. water
   B. food
   C. air
   D. insects
9. Eating uncovered food may lead to
   A. good health
   B. body fitness
   C. food contamination
   D. immunity
10. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
    A. Malaria – dirty water
    B. Cholera – mosquito
    C. Tuberculosis – air
    D. Diabetes – insect bite
11. Immunization helps the body by
    A. increasing hunger
    B. preventing specific diseases
    C. causing sickness
    D. spreading germs
12. Which of the following practices best prevents cholera?
    A. Sleeping under mosquito net
    B. Drinking clean water
    C. Avoiding exercise
    D. Taking pain killers
13. Typhoid fever is commonly spread through
    A. contaminated food and water
    B. mosquito bites
    C. coughing
    D. sneezing
14. Education helps in disease prevention by
    A. spreading rumours
    B. encouraging unhealthy habits
    C. teaching good health practices
    D. increasing sickness

---

Upper Domain (Application & Reasoning) – Questions 15–20

15. A community with poor waste disposal is most likely to experience
    A. fewer diseases
    B. communicable diseases
    C. better health
    D. immunity
16. Which action will best prevent malaria in a home?
    A. Boiling water
    B. Washing hands
    C. Sleeping under insecticide-treated nets
    D. Covering food
17. If a student drinks water from an untreated stream, the student is most at risk of
    A. malaria
    B. tuberculosis
    C. cholera
    D. measles
18. The best way to prevent the spread of air-borne diseases in a classroom is to
    A. close all windows
    B. ensure proper ventilation
    C. turn off fans
    D. lock the doors
19. Which combination best prevents food-borne diseases?
    A. Clean environment and exercise
    B. Proper cooking and food covering
    C. Immunization and sleep
    D. Education and reading
20. Why is immunization important in children?
    A. It makes them taller
    B. It prevents specific diseases
    C. It increases body weight
    D. It stops hunger

---

Answers

1. B
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. C
11. B
12. B
13. A
14. C
15. B
16. C
17. C
18. B
19. B
20. B