Environmental Sanitation-Lesson note

LESSON PLAN

Subject: Basic Science
Class: JSS 1 (Grade 7)
Topic: Environmental Sanitation
Duration: 40 Minutes
Date: 19/01/2026

Instructional Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Cognitive (Lower Domain – Knowledge):
   Define environmental sanitation correctly by stating at least two key points in their own words.
2. Cogntive (Middle Domain – Understanding):
   Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials by correctly classifying at least 4 out of 5 given examples.
3. Cognitive (Higher Domain – Application):
   Explain the importance of environmental sanitation by mentioning at least three benefits related to health and the environment.
4. Psychomotor Domain:
   Demonstrate proper methods of sanitation by participating in a class activity that involves sorting refuse materials correctly.

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Entry Behaviour

Students have seen refuse dumps, toilets, gutters, and cleaning activities in their homes and communities.

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Instructional Materials

• Chart showing types of toilets
• Pictures of refuse and waste materials
• Waste items (paper, nylon, leaves, plastic bottle)
• Chalkboard and chalk

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Reference Materials

• Basic Science Textbook (JSS 1)
• Nigerian Basic Education Curriculum

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Lesson Presentation

Step 1: Introduction (5 Minutes)

• Teacher asks students questions:
• “What happens when refuse is not properly disposed of?”
• “Have you seen dirty surroundings before?”
• Teacher introduces the topic: Environmental Sanitation

Learners’ Activity:
Students respond to questions based on personal experience.

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Step 2: Meaning of Environmental Sanitation (7 Minutes)

• Teacher explains that environmental sanitation means keeping our surroundings clean to prevent diseases.
• Teacher writes definition on the board.

Learners’ Activity:
Students repeat the definition and write it in their notebooks.

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Step 3: Methods of Sanitation (10 Minutes)

• Teacher explains methods of sanitation:
• Refuse disposal (burning, burying, dustbins, recycling)
• Sewage disposal (types of toilets):
• Pit latrine
• Bucket latrine
• Water closet
• Bush system (discouraged)
• Teacher shows charts/pictures.

Learners’ Activity:
Students mention types of toilets they have seen.

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Step 4: Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable Materials (8 Minutes)

• Teacher explains:
• Biodegradable: materials that decay naturally (leaves, food waste).
• Non-biodegradable: materials that do not decay easily (plastic, nylon).
• Teacher performs a sorting activity with students.

Learners’ Activity:
Students help sort materials into biodegradable and non-biodegradable.

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Step 5: Importance of Environmental Sanitation (7 Minutes)

• Teacher explains importance:
• Prevents diseases
• Promotes good health
• Makes environment neat and attractive
• Reduces pollution
• Teacher relates to students’ community.

Learners’ Activity:
Students mention benefits of a clean environment.

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Step 6: Evaluation (3 Minutes)

Teacher asks questions:

1. Define environmental sanitation.
2. Mention two methods of refuse disposal.
3. State two differences between biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials.
4. Mention two importance of environmental sanitation.

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Conclusion (2 Minutes)

• Teacher summarizes the lesson.
• Teacher encourages students to keep their environment clean.

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Assignment

1. List five biodegradable and five non-biodegradable materials found in your home.
2. Draw and label one type of toilet.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Topic: Environmental Sanitation
Class: JSS 1

Lower Cognitive Domain (Knowledge) – Questions 1–7

1. Environmental sanitation is the practice of
   A. farming crops
   B. keeping the environment clean
   C. cooking food
   D. selling goods
2. Which of the following best describes refuse?
   A. Clean water
   B. Waste materials
   C. Fresh air
   D. Food nutrients
3. Which of the following is a type of toilet?
   A. Dustbin
   B. Pit latrine
   C. Gutter
   D. River
4. Burning refuse is a method of
   A. cooking
   B. farming
   C. refuse disposal
   D. transportation
5. Which of these is a biodegradable material?
   A. Plastic bottle
   B. Nylon bag
   C. Glass
   D. Leaves
6. The bush system of toilet is
   A. encouraged
   B. modern
   C. hygienic
   D. discouraged
7. Which subject teaches environmental sanitation in JSS 1?
   A. Mathematics
   B. English Language
   C. Basic Science
   D. Social Studies

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Middle Cognitive Domain (Understanding) – Questions 8–14

8. Which of the following materials decays naturally?
   A. Metal can
   B. Plastic
   C. Food waste
   D. Glass
9. One major difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials is that biodegradable materials
   A. smell badly
   B. decay easily
   C. are colourful
   D. are heavy
10. Which pair of materials are both non-biodegradable?
    A. Leaves and food waste
    B. Paper and wood
    C. Nylon and plastic bottle
    D. Yam peels and grass
11. Which of the following is NOT a method of refuse disposal?
    A. Recycling
    B. Burning
    C. Sweeping
    D. Burying
12. The use of water to flush waste away is found in a
    A. pit latrine
    B. bucket latrine
    C. bush system
    D. water closet
13. Environmental sanitation helps to reduce
    A. population
    B. pollution
    C. rainfall
    D. sunlight
14. Sorting waste into groups helps us to
    A. increase refuse
    B. identify waste types
    C. destroy the environment
    D. waste time

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Upper Cognitive Domain (Application) – Questions 15–20

15. A student who throws waste into a dustbin is practicing
    A. pollution
    B. environmental sanitation
    C. farming
    D. trading
16. Which action best promotes environmental sanitation at home?
    A. Leaving refuse in the open
    B. Using the bush system
    C. Proper disposal of waste
    D. Pouring waste in gutters
17. If nylon bags are found blocking a gutter, what problem may occur?
    A. Clean water supply
    B. Flooding
    C. Good health
    D. Fresh air
18. Which of the following actions can prevent the spread of diseases?
    A. Dirty surroundings
    B. Poor waste disposal
    C. Environmental sanitation
    D. Open defecation
19. A community that practices good sanitation will likely have
    A. more sickness
    B. dirty environment
    C. good health
    D. polluted air
20. Which of the following materials should be placed in a biodegradable waste bin?
    A. Plastic bottle
    B. Glass cup
    C. Nylon bag
    D. Leaves

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ANSWERS

1. B
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. C
8. C
9. B
10. C
11. C
12. D
13. B
14. B
15. B
16. C
17. B
18. C
19. C
20. D