LESSON PLAN
Subject: Basic Science
Class: Grade 7 (JSS 1)
Topic: Disease Prevention
Sub-Topic: Water and Water-Borne Diseases
Duration: 40 Minutes
Instructional Objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Identify and list different sources of water. (Lower Domain – Knowledge)
Explain processes/methods of water treatment and purification. (Middle Domain – Understanding)
Mention and discuss water-borne diseases and how they spread. (Middle Domain – Application)
Instructional Materials
Charts/pictures of water sources
Water purification chart
Bowl of dirty water (demonstration)
Filter cloth/sand filter
Whiteboard and marker
Entry Behaviour
Students drink water daily and have seen wells, boreholes, or streams in their environment.
Introduction (5 Minutes)
Teacher asks:
Where do you get the water you drink?
Can we drink water directly from the river? Why?
Teacher links responses to the topic “Disease Prevention through Safe Water.”
Lesson Presentation
1. Water Sources
Water sources are places where we obtain water for drinking and domestic use.
Examples of Water Sources
Pipe-borne water – Treated water supplied through pipes (safest)
Borehole water – From drilled underground sources
Well water – From dug wells
Spring water – Natural underground flow to surface
River/Stream water – Surface water (often dirty)
Rain water – Collected during rainfall
👉 Pipe-borne water is the cleanest, while river/well water may contain germs.
2. Processes/Methods of Water Treatment & Purification
Water treatment means making water safe for drinking by removing dirt and germs.
Common Methods
Boiling
Kills germs and bacteria
Simple and effective at home
Filtration
Removes dirt using filter, sand, or cloth
Sedimentation
Allowing dirt to settle at the bottom
Decantation
Pouring clean water away from settled dirt
Chlorination
Adding chlorine to kill germs
Alum Treatment
Helps dirt particles settle faster
Distillation
Boiling and condensing water to remove impurities
3. Water-Borne Diseases
Water-borne diseases are diseases spread through contaminated (dirty) water.
Examples
| Disease | Cause/Mode of Spread |
|---|---|
| Cholera | Drinking contaminated water |
| Typhoid fever | Germs in dirty water/food |
| Dysentery | Bacteria in polluted water |
| Diarrhoea | Unsafe drinking water |
How Water-Borne Diseases Spread
Drinking untreated water
Using dirty water for cooking
Poor sanitation
Open defecation near water sources
Prevention of Water-Borne Diseases
Drink boiled or treated water
Use pipe-borne water when available
Wash hands before eating
Keep wells covered
Avoid dumping refuse in water
Evaluation (Class Questions)
Mention two sources of water.
State one method of purifying water.
Name two water-borne diseases.
Why should we boil water before drinking?
Conclusion
Teacher summarizes:
Water is essential for life
Not all water is safe
Proper treatment prevents diseases
Assignment
List four sources of water.
Explain two methods of water purification.
Mention three water-borne diseases.
# **OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS**
## **Lower Domain (1–7)**
1. Which of the following is the safest source of drinking water?
A. River
B. Well
C. Pipe-borne water
D. Pond
2. Water obtained from underground through drilling is called
A. Spring water
B. Borehole water
C. Rain water
D. Stream water
3. The process of killing germs in water by heating is called
A. Filtration
B. Sedimentation
C. Boiling
D. Chlorination
4. Which of these is a water-borne disease?
A. Malaria
B. Cholera
C. Measles
D. Tuberculosis
5. Typhoid fever is caused by drinking
A. Clean water
B. Cold water
C. Dirty water
D. Salt water
6. Rain water is collected during
A. Harmattan
B. Rainfall
C. Dry season
D. Night
7. The addition of chlorine to water is known as
A. Distillation
B. Chlorination
C. Filtration
D. Sedimentation
---
## **Middle Domain (8–14)**
8. Which method removes dirt by passing water through a filter?
A. Boiling
B. Filtration
C. Chlorination
D. Distillation
9. Allowing dirty water to stand so particles settle is called
A. Decantation
B. Sedimentation
C. Filtration
D. Boiling
10. After sedimentation, clean water is poured off by
A. Filtration
B. Chlorination
C. Decantation
D. Distillation
11. Which disease can result from drinking contaminated water?
A. Cholera
B. Malaria
C. Yellow fever
D. Influenza
12. Covering wells helps to
A. Increase water quantity
B. Prevent contamination
C. Change water colour
D. Reduce rainfall
13. Which practice promotes water-borne diseases?
A. Boiling water
B. Proper sanitation
C. Dumping refuse in rivers
D. Chlorination
14. Alum is added to water to
A. Kill mosquitoes
B. Add taste
C. Help particles settle
D. Change colour
---
## **Upper Domain (15–20)**
15. A community that drinks untreated river water is likely to experience
A. Cholera outbreak
B. Hypertension
C. Asthma
D. Cancer
16. Which combination best prevents water-borne diseases?
A. Boiling water + sanitation
B. Sleeping under nets
C. Eating fruits
D. Exercising daily
17. Failure to purify drinking water may lead to
A. Good health
B. Disease infection
C. Strong immunity
D. Fast growth
18. Which method is MOST suitable for homes without chemicals?
A. Chlorination
B. Distillation
C. Boiling
D. Industrial filtration
19. Why is pipe-borne water safer than well water?
A. It is sweeter
B. It is treated before supply
C. It is coloured
D. It is warmer
20. Which action will BEST reduce the spread of typhoid?
A. Drinking untreated rain water
B. Washing hands and boiling water
C. Dumping refuse in streams
D. Leaving wells open
---
# **ANSWERS**
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. B
10. C
11. A
12. B
13. C
14. C
15. A
16. A
17. B
18. C
19. B
20. B
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