Topic: DISEASE PREVENTION
1. Meaning of Disease Prevention
Disease prevention means all the actions we take to stop diseases from occurring or spreading.
One major way to prevent diseases is by ensuring we drink clean and safe water.
2. Water Sources
Water sources are places where we get water for drinking and domestic use.
Examples of Water Sources
*Pipe-borne water – Water treated and supplied through pipes (safest)
* Borehole water – Water drilled from underground
* Well water– Water from dug wells
* Spring water – Natural underground water flowing to the surface
* River/Stream water– Surface water (usually untreated)
* Rain water – Water collected when it rains
Note:Not all water sources are safe for drinking unless treated.
3. Methods/Processes of Water Treatment
Water treatment means making water clean and safe by removing dirt and germs.
Common Methods
1. Boiling
Kills germs and bacteria
Simple home method
2. Filtration
Removes dirt using filter paper, sand, or cloth
3. Sedimentation
Allowing particles to settle at the bottom
4. Decantation
Carefully pouring out clean water from settled dirt
5. Chlorination
Adding chlorine to kill germs
6. Use of Alum
Helps dirt particles settle faster
7. Distillation
Boiling water and condensing the steam to get pure water
4. Water-Borne Diseases
Water-borne diseases are diseases spread through contaminated (dirty) water.
Examples
| Disease | How It Spreads |
| ------------- | -------------------------- |
| Cholera | Drinking dirty water |
| Typhoid fever | Germs in water/food |
| Dysentery | Bacteria in polluted water |
| Diarrhoea | Unsafe drinking water |
5. How Water Gets Contaminated**
Water can become dirty through:
* Dumping refuse in rivers
* Open defecation
* Animal waste
* Flooding
* Poor sanitation
6. Prevention of Water-Borne Diseases
We can prevent these diseases by:
* Boiling water before drinking
* Filtering water
* Drinking pipe-borne water
* Washing hands regularly
* Covering wells
* Proper waste disposal
* Avoiding stagnant/dirty water
Key Points to Remember
✔ Clean water prevents diseases
✔ Boiling kills germs
✔ Dirty water spreads cholera and typhoid
✔ Proper sanitation keeps water safe
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